Well…I’m sure you’ll get better answers later, but let me start:
It’s 40 days, to symbolise the 40 days Jesus spent in the desert. Also, in Jewish custom ‘40’ means ‘forever, a very long time without end’.
We basically fast as Jesus fasted in the desert, and fasti9ng has always been used in the church, as in Judaism, so bring youraself closer to God through hunger. When you are hungry you can truly concentrate on the fact that you are mortal, that you need food…And as Jesus is the ‘Bread and the Life’ it helps us concentrate on the fact that we need HIM!
Abstaining from meat. Orginally meat was the most expensive, difficult to obtain food. So, abstaining from meat WILLINGLY really meant something, it meant you were willing to put God above your bodily needs.
‘Giving up’ things such as sweets, TV, going out during Lent also helps us focus on what really matters in life: God.
And during the last week before Easter, Holy Week we actively re-create the last days of Jesus on earth. We walk the stations of the cross with him, we see the feet of the apostles being washed at the Last Supper, we are with Him at Golgotha as He dies…and then at Easter we share in the joy of His disciples when they realise He has risen!
If you read the appropriate passages in the New Testament, you’ll see: it’s all there! And as Catholics, it is important to really concentrate on Him during Lent…let’s face it: the rest of the year, religion doesn’t tend to feature hugely in the daily lives of most of us…40 days out of 365 to really be with Him, is not too much to ask, is it?!
As I said…others will come up with more theological answers, this is just what I could quickly type from memory, I hope it is helpful to you!
Anna x