A
Aramis
Guest
Define literate…I have no problem with that. Are these cities whose occupants recorded their history, or were entire cities wholly non-literate?
… after all, there are some abstract symbols amidst the paintings in Lascaux. We don’t know if they are meaningful, decorative, or both.
Many of the early sites (like the 6000BCE Harrapans) have obvious symbology that is undeciphered.
And the Inca used quipu (knotted strings) as memory aids, but generally didn’t write.