upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Relief_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori_n1.jpg/330px-Relief_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori_n1.jpg bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf14/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
The trial of Giordano Bruno by the Roman Inquisition. Bronze relief by Ettore Ferrari,
Campo de’ Fiori, Rome.
Bruno continued his Venetian defensive strategy, which consisted in bowing to the Church’s dogmatic teachings, while trying to preserve the basis of his philosophy. In particular Bruno held firm to his belief in the plurality of worlds, although he was admonished to abandon it. His trial was overseen by the Inquisitor Cardinal
Bellarmine, who demanded a full recantation, which Bruno eventually refused. On January 20, 1600,
Pope Clement VIII declared Bruno a heretic and the Inquisition issued a sentence of death. According to the correspondence of Gaspar Schopp of
Breslau, he is said to have made a threatening gesture towards his judges and to have replied:
“Maiori forsan cum timore sententiam in me fertis quam ego accipiam (Perhaps you pronounce this sentence against me with greater fear than I receive it).”[22] He was turned over to the secular authorities and, on February 17, 1600 in the
Campo de’ Fiori, a central Roman market square, “his tongue imprisoned because of his wicked words” he was
burned at the stake.
[23]
The Vatican has published few official statements about Bruno’s trial and execution. In 1942, Cardinal
Giovanni Mercati, who discovered a number of lost documents relating to Bruno’s trial, stated that the Church was perfectly justified in condemning him. On the 400th anniversary of Bruno’s death, in 2000, Cardinal
Angelo Sodano declared Bruno’s death to be a “sad episode” but, despite his regret, he defended Bruno’s prosecutors, maintaining that the Inquisitors “had the desire to serve freedom and promote the common good and did everything possible to save his life.”
[31]** In the same year, Pope John Paul II did make a general apology for the deaths of prominent philosophers and scientists due to the Inquisition.
[32]**