Hello,
I am a Protestant considering converting to Catholicism, and I had a few questions. I asked a few of these on the AAA forums but would also like to hear what the average Catholic thinks. First, is the Bible the ultimate authority on doctrine or is Papal decree or the Catechism (which has Scriptural basis) or some other source? Second, is there any Scriptural base for the idea of a man representing God on earth? Finally, do Catholics believe that other Christian denominations are recipients of Jesus’ grace and salvation, or do they have to convert to fully receive him? I greatly appreciate any answers or insight you can offer, and I thank you in advance.
Dave,
Welcome home.
As to your questions:
First, is the Bible the ultimate authority on doctrine or is Papal decree or the Catechism (which has Scriptural basis) or some other source?
The Word of God is the ultimate authority in the Catholic Church. The Word of God is Jesus Christ.14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, (John (RSV) 1)
Jesus Christ did not sit down and write a book. He communicated the revelation of Himself to the apostles through His words and His actions. So far, there should be no controversy, right?
Here’s where the first big controversy comes in. Was everything committed to paper?
Note what the Scriptures say about it:25 But there are also many other things which Jesus did; were every one of them to be written, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written. (John (RSV) 21)
15 So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the traditions which you were taught by us, either by word of mouth or by letter. (2Thessalonians (RSV) 2)
You will note that St. John explicitly says no. And St. Paul to hold to what they were told to hold fast to what they were taught by word of mouth **or **by letter.
So we can see from those two verses alone that not all of what Christ taught was committed to the written Scriptures and that we are to keep to all of apostolic teaching, whether it was committed to a writing that ended up being added to the Canon of the New Testament or not.
We, as Catholics, hold fast to the revelation of Jesus Christ as passed on by the apostles.
We call those teachings of the apostles that reveal Christ to us, committed to a written form, Sacred Scripture. We call those teachings of the apostles that reveal Christ to us, that were not committed to a written form by those apostles, but were passed down Sacred Tradition.
An example of the latter is the Assumption of Mary. This is a big problem that many Protestants have and is a stumbling block. Why? Because it’s not in the Scriptures. But if you think about it, why would this be?
The Acts of the Apostles, written by St. Luke (who accompanied St. Paul on his later missionary journeys), closed during St. Paul’s first captivity in Rome (note: according to Eusebius, Paul was first acquitted and then later on re-arrested and martyred still under Nero). The Acts are commonly considered to have closed somewhere during this early part of Nero’s reign. 60-62 AD. If Mary was 16 years old when Christ was born, that would place her age in the late 70s when the book of Acts closed. An elderly woman, but not assuredly dead. So it is entirely possible that both Ss Peter and Paul were dead before she was. So, where in the Scriptures would this have been recorded?
(As an aside, I have found very little that the Church teaches that is not explicitly stated in the Scriptures)
This brings up the third point: who has the authority to interpret what exactly the Word of God says and how to apply it in a given circumstance?
13 When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come. (John (RSV) 16)
Jesus said the above to His apostles. We believe that the bishops, the successors to the apostles, preserve this through virtue of their offices. We believe that the successor to St. Peter has the chief authority to make the authoritative decisions.
15 And count the forbearance of our Lord as salvation. So also our beloved brother Paul wrote to you according to the wisdom given him, 16 speaking of this as he does in all his letters. There are some things in them hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures.
17 You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, beware lest you be carried away with the error of lawless men and lose your own stability. (2Peter (RSV) 3)
We must be very careful to stick with the teaching authority of the successors to the apostles, particularly the successor to Peter, as there are those who will twist the meaning of the Scriptures.
(more to follow)