I just finished reading a wickedly subversive yet thought provoking book entitled, “Why You Can Disagree and Remain a Faithful Catholic,” by Fr. Philip S. Kaufman, O.S.B. It was written over 20 years ago, but the topics it covered, such as divorce and remarriage and Communion, and papal infallibility versus collegiality; and the arguments he proposes from Church history and teaching, such as the role of conscience (as mentioned above), could have easily been written today.
What kept him from the realm of heresy or heterodoxy, to my knowledge, is that he only proposed his disagreements, as many theologians do and have done, without giving some sort of tacit approval that “anything goes.” The author has since died, I checked, and whatever dissention he may or may not have encouraged, he is now buried among his fellow monks, apparently still a priest in good standing at the time of his death. I couldn’t help but thinking as I read the book that had he lived, he would have very much liked Pope Francis and the dialogue and debate he espouses.