Let us remember that we are reading an English translation of Paul’s writing. Teach and teacher in his time were titles reserved for Rabbis. When Paul goes to the Gentiles, they did not have the Rabbinical tradtion. The Rabbinical tradition was very new even to the Jews.
The Gentiles still had the temple priestess and vestile virgins who interpreted the messages of the gods and so forth. Paul comes from the Judeo-Christian school, where the rabbi and the deacon had the same function, to proclaim the word of God. Paul has to address the issue of these women priestesses who were converting to the Way. They could join the Way as Christianity was called in Paul’s day, but they had to give up their former role, because we did not have a female rabbi or female deacons. Remember, it was the deacons who took the place of the rabbis. The rabbis were teachers, they were not priests. The deacon is also a teacher or preacher. There is the continuity between the Judaic tradition and the Christian tradition.
Paul is speaking to the Greek tradition which has no equivalent in the Judeo-Christian tradition, so it could not be carried over.
Today, the word teach and teacher have broader meanings and include a larger array of people. I know a lot of women who would be out of a job, if women could not teach.
I hope this helps.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF