Can somebody become a priest or a deacon if he does not have a theological schooling

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It all depends on the situation. An acquaintance of mine (Orthodox not Catholic) had been a member of his parish for about 10 years when his pastor asked him to consider beginning formation to become a deacon. I think it’s significant that he was asked and that he was extremely well known at a rather small parish.

Through a process of directed self-study, spiritual direction and pastoral training he was ordained 6 years later. He never attended seminary, but the amount of time he spent in preparation was notable.

He was nearing retirement and was discussing his future with his pastor. He said within 5-6 years he and his wife were planning to move to be around all of their children and grandchildren. His pastor realized there was a great need for a priest where he was ultimately headed so he began the process of priestly formation. He became a priest before they moved.

That sort of thing is extremely uncommon in the Catholic Church but I don’t think it should be.
Training of deacons differs from the training of priests, and varies by diocese. Some dioceses require the deacons to obtain a Masters degree, but it may not be in theology, or certainly not the theology courses which the priests take. I don’t know of any diocese which requires permanent deacons to go to seminary.
 
Training of deacons differs from the training of priests, and varies by diocese. Some dioceses require the deacons to obtain a Masters degree, but it may not be in theology, or certainly not the theology courses which the priests take. I don’t know of any diocese which requires permanent deacons to go to seminary.
Did you note the part where I mentioned he also became a priest – also without attending seminary?

If might exist somewhere but I don’t know of any Latin Rite dioceses where a man can become a deacon or a priest through directed self-study, spiritual direction and practical pastoral training. That’s too bad.
 
I seriously doubt that private formation would ever be a threat to any seminary. Although the start of seminaries may have been the reaction to the Reformation, they have advanced a bit, or maybe even more in the +/- 400 years since. And while obtaining a Masters is part of seminary training, most seminarians in our archdiocese spend time in a number of parishes and other settings in addition to training at the seminary in matters other than the courses in the Masters program. So in effect, it is to limited degree the apprentice program of which you speak, already in place.
It is right now. Why else aren’t men who cannot attend seminary or formal “deacon formation” not individually formed as deacons or priests? It’s just the way it is in the Catholic Church – at least in the West. Thankfully that’s not true of all the orthodox.
 
It is right now. Why else aren’t men who cannot attend seminary or formal “deacon formation” not individually formed as deacons or priests? It’s just the way it is in the Catholic Church – at least in the West. Thankfully that’s not true of all the orthodox.
Speaking as a seminarian, I don’t follow the point you are trying to make here. Who are the ‘men who cannot attend seminary’ for priestly formation? Becoming a priest inevitably requires change of address, change of work routines and change of income. A man called to and able to make those changes would surely be able to attend a seminary, wouldn’t they? And if not able to make those changes, nor would they be able to live the life of a diocesan priest. I don’t understand, 🤷

As far as deacons are concerned, most study part-time and don’t attend seminary except for the occasional weekend or summer school - and most do have supervision from a priest or priests, as well as other deacons, and the rest of the time continue to live their lives as before; so again, I don’t see in what circumstances they would be disqualified from diaconal formation. Please elucidate.

Two final points: much of what has been stated in this thread as being normative is being offered from a US perspective - unsurprising here on CAF, but not universally applicable. And more to the point, many seminaries have now adopted a better balance between in-house study and extra-institutional placements so as to prepare men better for clerical ministry, so the suggestion that seminary academic formation is at the cost of practical learning is in many jurisdictions a false opposition. I think there is greater awareness that the reformation model of seeing seminarians as vulnerable people who need to be protected from the evils of the wider world has been replaced by a sensitivity to the need for men to be aware of and comfortable within the world in which they will serve upon ordination, and rightly so.

Thus the pseudo-monastic milieu of seminary life is giving way to a broader model of formation in many parts of the world, and this approach is not a ‘threat’ to seminaries, but rather a paradigm shift in how they operate. Watch this space, because I think it is likely that this attitude will shape a great deal of clerical formation as it develops in the future.

In Christ,
Withburga
 
Considering there are far, far more priests than there are seminarians, it seems to be working fairly well.
Priests in a position to devote all their time to mentoring someone?
 
Priests in a position to devote all their time to mentoring someone?
I have never met, nor heard of a mentor who mentored “full itme”. They usually have plenty on their plate - and are good at it - which is why they are mentoring in the first place.

Mentoring isn’t hovering. It is guidance.
 
Speaking as a seminarian, I don’t follow the point you are trying to make here. Who are the ‘men who cannot attend seminary’ for priestly formation? Becoming a priest inevitably requires change of address, change of work routines and change of income. A man called to and able to make those changes would surely be able to attend a seminary, wouldn’t they? And if not able to make those changes, nor would they be able to live the life of a diocesan priest. I don’t understand,
Becoming a priest need not “inevitably requires change of address, change of work routines and change of income.” It need not but it does. Two entirely different things. Please think about that.

You cannot see past the current priestly formation process of the Latin Rite of the Church in the USA. If you are truly interested, I suggest you look into how some of the Orthodox form some of their deacons and priests. I also suggest you see how the Catholic Church forms some priests in say the Continent of Africa.
As far as deacons are concerned, most study part-time and don’t attend seminary except for the occasional weekend or summer school - and most do have supervision from a priest or priests, as well as other deacons, and the rest of the time continue to live their lives as before; so again, I don’t see in what circumstances they would be disqualified from diaconal formation. Please elucidate.
The diaconate formation in my diocese is most weekends attending classes (in my case about 150 miles from my home) in the city in which the cathedral is located. That’s a world away from directed self study through one’s pastor.
Two final points: much of what has been stated in this thread as being normative is being offered from a US perspective - unsurprising here on CAF, but not universally applicable. And more to the point, many seminaries have now adopted a better balance between in-house study and extra-institutional placements so as to prepare men better for clerical ministry, so the suggestion that seminary academic formation is at the cost of practical learning is in many jurisdictions a false opposition. I think there is greater awareness that the reformation model of seeing seminarians as vulnerable people who need to be protected from the evils of the wider world has been replaced by a sensitivity to the need for men to be aware of and comfortable within the world in which they will serve upon ordination, and rightly so.
No one suggested that. The defensive tenor to your comments underscore my belief that alternative ways of formation will likely not become more common anytime soon in the US (at least in the Latin Rite) due to part to the backlash of the seminary system. Then again Pope Francis has commented on priestly formation so there might be some real change here.

THE critical key would be to ensure that alternative ways to ordination did not result in abuses.
Thus the pseudo-monastic milieu of seminary life is giving way to a broader model of formation in many parts of the world, and this approach is not a ‘threat’ to seminaries, but rather a paradigm shift in how they operate. Watch this space, because I think it is likely that this attitude will shape a great deal of clerical formation as it develops in the future.

In Christ,
Withburga
Nothing wrong with priestly formation via the seminary system. There needs to be alternative ways though. It will happen, I have absolutely no doubt. Timing is the issue. It could take hundreds of years to see real reform in this area.
 
Becoming a priest need not “inevitably requires change of address, change of work routines and change of income.” It need not but it does. Two entirely different things. Please think about that.
Thought about it. Sorry, I still don’t get it. :o

If you are referring to some model of priesthood where, after ordination, the individual remains in their pre-ordination domestic and financial situation, this sounds rather like the Episcopalian non-stipendiary ministry. Are you suggesting a part-time priesthood (I don’t entirely disagree, by the way, although it would be difficult to institute); or married priests who don’t change their domestic situation? You haven’t made that clear in your posts so far. If I’m mistaken, please correct me.

Otherwise I stand by the contention that the rearrangement of life that is required at priestly ordination means that a man either can or cannot make such rearrangements, and if he can, he can make them so as to attend a seminary.

Note that I am saying it must be possible to make this shift in personal circumstances for seminary if it is going to be made later for ministry. I think you’ve assumed that because I say it must be possible, it is therefore desirable. I agree that there are alternatives, but not that they are necessary. They may, however, be helpful.
You cannot see past the current priestly formation process of the Latin Rite of the Church in the USA.
I know relatively little about the seminary system in the US, because I am not American. Which is why I made the comment in my first post that that the thread was US-centric. Please don’t assume that other people on this thread suffer from myopia.
If you are truly interested, I suggest you look into how some of the Orthodox form some of their deacons and priests.
Sigh. As a seminarian, of course I’m truly interested, and I don’t know why you’re being so confrontational. Obviously I’m aware of how the Orthodox form their clergy, but what you describe isn’t the norm. It might help if you explained why the adoption of the self-study model is so necessary for priests, and what problems it would solve. For deacons, it’s a different matter, but that kind of an approach or something like it is available in many jurisdictions.
I also suggest you see how the Catholic Church forms some priests in say the Continent of Africa.
I rub shoulders with African students and ordinands continuously. I hear about how formation occurs in many African nations. You are not talking to an ignoramus here. 🤷
The defensive tenor to your comments underscore my belief that alternative ways of formation will likely not become more common anytime soon in the US (at least in the Latin Rite) due to part to the backlash of the seminary system.
Please elucidate regarding the ‘backlash’ in the US, which I’m sure would be informative. I haven’t visited the US in a long time.

And I’m really not the one who’s being defensive. 🙂 Most especially not regarding the seminary system, of which I have many criticisms to make.

You seem to think that anyone who does not express unqualified support for your stance - which is difficult in my case, since I actually don’t understand what you’re trying to say about priestly as opposed to diaconal formation - is vigorously opposed to changes in the seminary system. Not true for me, and I doubt it’s true for many people.

I’ll repeat what I said in my previous post:

‘Thus the pseudo-monastic milieu of seminary life is giving way to a broader model of formation in many parts of the world, and this approach is not a ‘threat’ to seminaries, but rather a paradigm shift in how they operate. Watch this space, because I think it is likely that this attitude will shape a great deal of clerical formation as it develops in the future.’

Does that sound like unqualified support for seminaries as they are now? I’m open to many changes, and would like to see seminarians spend far more time in parishes and chaplaincies than in the class room.

I’m not the enemy here. We might agree if you clarified your position. 👍
It could take hundreds of years to see real reform in this area.
And there’s an example of common ground. Unfortunately I think you’re right, and that any positive change is likely to be slow in coming.

Please don’t talk down to me again. It just isn’t necessary to make your points in that way.
Sincere best wishes to you.

In Christ,
Withburga
 
I have friends and family who are Catholic and Orthodox priests all over the world.

All the Catholic priests I know, Eastern and Western have a M.Div. and have studied under their bishop for some years, either in Seminary or in years of personal formation.

The Coptic Orthodox priests I know were active in their parish as servers, then singers, sub deacons, deacons and were sent to a monastery in the US or Egypt for 1 to 3 years, either intermittently or year round.

The Syriac Orthodox priests I know were active from childhood, servers, singers, sub deacons etc. They all have a degree at least in a secular field (some have multiple like MDs and PhDs). In addition, they serve as a junior priest for 1 to 3 yrs under their bishop or another senior cleric. Some serve the Patriarchate for some years at the Patriarchal monastery in Damascus.

The Malankara Orthodox send their deacons, who were also active from childhood, up to subdeacon, to St Vladimirs Russian Orthodox Seminary in the US, or to India, or take some courses at Holy Cross or a Catholic theological school. They also are junior priests for some years under a senior cleric.
 
I have friends and family who are Catholic and Orthodox priests all over the world.

All the Catholic priests I know, Eastern and Western have a M.Div. and have studied under their bishop for some years, either in Seminary or in years of personal formation.

The Coptic Orthodox priests I know were active in their parish as servers, then singers, sub deacons, deacons and were sent to a monastery in the US or Egypt for 1 to 3 years, either intermittently or year round.

The Syriac Orthodox priests I know were active from childhood, servers, singers, sub deacons etc. They all have a degree at least in a secular field (some have multiple like MDs and PhDs). In addition, they serve as a junior priest for 1 to 3 yrs under their bishop or another senior cleric. Some serve the Patriarchate for some years at the Patriarchal monastery in Damascus.

The Malankara Orthodox send their deacons, who were also active from childhood, up to subdeacon, to St Vladimirs Russian Orthodox Seminary in the US, or to India, or take some courses at Holy Cross or a Catholic theological school. They also are junior priests for some years under a senior cleric.
That sounds like a very healthy formation to me. Were the men formed as deacons entirely within their parishes by their priests?

I think in the Byzantine Rite in the US, at least one permanent deacon (he’s single) was ordained to the priesthood after about a year of seminary. It will be interesting to see if that church begins ordaining married men to the priesthood in the US.

With the continued growth of “distance learning” via the Internet, I think the Catholic Church is going to be able to form men for the priesthood in more and more non-traditional ways.
 
I think in the Byzantine Rite in the US, at least one permanent deacon (he’s single) was ordained to the priesthood after about a year of seminary. It will be interesting to see if that church begins ordaining married men to the priesthood in the US.
Which Church? Some have already begun - Melkites, Maronites (Syriac), and a few others.
 
It all depends on the situation. An acquaintance of mine (Orthodox not Catholic) had been a member of his parish for about 10 years when his pastor asked him to consider beginning formation to become a deacon. I think it’s significant that he was asked and that he was extremely well known at a rather small parish.

Through a process of directed self-study, spiritual direction and pastoral training he was ordained 6 years later. He never attended seminary, but the amount of time he spent in preparation was notable.

He was nearing retirement and was discussing his future with his pastor. He said within 5-6 years he and his wife were planning to move to be around all of their children and grandchildren. His pastor realized there was a great need for a priest where he was ultimately headed so he began the process of priestly formation. He became a priest before they moved.

That sort of thing is extremely uncommon in the Catholic Church but I don’t think it should be.
There was a thread about this a few months ago - got so bad it was deleted. Apprenticeship as the dominant model of formation was done away with at Trent… the establishment of the seminary system was, by the Council Fathers’ estimation, the greatest practical achievement of the event.

Yes there are exceptions - I know a very fine priest, who ended up a Sulpician (a group of priests who run seminaries) who never went to seminary himself. So? It does not make it a good plan.

From someone who has been there and done that with one-on-one formation: it is an extremely good thing for there to be a bubble, with lots of voices at work, with checks and balances, with other men in formation to relate to, and with an accredited curriculum. Apprenticeships should be short and sweet - get the feet wet, then return to the bubble to process as you continue to prepare.
 
Jesus no longer gives personal interviews, at least not where I live.
Ha.
Which Church? Some have already begun - Melkites, Maronites (Syriac), and a few others.
Not to contradict you, but one and only in 2014 and the “formation” is primarily the issue because the bishops only want men over 50 with the youngest child 18 and the priest able to financially support themselves but willing to be moved across the US upon request.
 
There was a thread about this a few months ago - got so bad it was deleted. Apprenticeship as the dominant model of formation was done away with at Trent… the establishment of the seminary system was, by the Council Fathers’ estimation, the greatest practical achievement of the event.

Yes there are exceptions - I know a very fine priest, who ended up a Sulpician (a group of priests who run seminaries) who never went to seminary himself. So? It does not make it a good plan.

From someone who has been there and done that with one-on-one formation: it is an extremely good thing for there to be a bubble, with lots of voices at work, with checks and balances, with other men in formation to relate to, and with an accredited curriculum. Apprenticeships should be short and sweet - get the feet wet, then return to the bubble to process as you continue to prepare.
This makes so much sense. It i slike eg teacher training. Many say the only useful part is the teaching practice but the theory etc is needed to underpin that IF it is done well…
 
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