The Church recognizes two instances where the merits of Christian Baptism (normally performed with water) may be imparted to someone who is unable to actually receive the normal practice. The first is martyrdom prior to ordinary Baptism (called “Baptism of Blood”) and the second is the situation you describe (called “Baptism of Desire”). These are not different types of Baptism, but are different means whereby the merits of Christian (water) Baptism may be applied.
These would be considered “extraordinary” means (meaning “not ordinary”). Many Sacraments have ordinary and extraordinary aspects. For example, the ordinary minister of Christian Baptism is an ordained Catholic minister, but anybody can serve as an extraordinary minister (even someone who is not a Christian).