There are lots of books written by many in the Catholic authors for children. The market is pretty small, I’d think, and you’d be unlikely to find a publisher even among Catholic publishers unless your art was really good. You could publish via Amazon Kindle…
…although I’m confused at what you mean by the “emotions” Most parents would feel uncomfortable with a book for preschoolers/early grade-schoolers going into the psychological affects of Jesus on the cross, etc. written by someone who was neither a psychologist or theologian. Honestly, most would just use a secular book on emotions and gently bring it up to their children or let their children bring it up.