The article posted was a good summary, but there are religious orders of women – and men – who, due to the experience of their founders, founded benevolent institutions. The New Advent article mentioned that the Greeks and Romans put their sick and handicapped to death, while the Judeo-Christian tradition had more compassion and opened hospitals.
Modern canon law says that if you see an issue demanding justice, and you have to associate to address the issue, JUST DO IT. I call it the “imperative canon.” This is usually how the ubiquitous Catholic hospitals got their start. Although, in the US, that’s not always the case.
Bishops also found hospitals as part of the pastoral plan for their dioceses. If you read the 1930 – or even the 1913 edition – of Elinor Tong Dehey’s “Religious Orders of Women in the United States” she tells the stories of the religious orders and the American western expansion.
Blessings,
Cloisters