The Consecrated Virgins, Hermits, and “Ordo Antiquor” (sp?) are the oldest in the church. The Augustinians are the closest to the third, which had priests living with their bishops and serving in the cathedral. This is very similar to the lives of the Canons Regular, who follow the Rule of St. Augustine, which came along in the 300’s.
The Benedictines came along in the 500’s, at the end of the Roman Empire. St. Benedict wrote his “little rule for beginners,” and even has some parts of the Augustinian Rule included, as well as the Rule of the Master.
The Rule of St. Basil, which is actually a compilation of his advice, was written around this same time in the East.
The Order of Citeaux, or Cistercians were founded as a reform of the Benedictines.
So, most of the Orders that were founded were based on either the Augustinian or Benedictine Rules. The Premonstratensians (Norbertines) were founded in the 1100’s.
Most of the “big” Orders that we see today were founded during the Mendicant times of the 1200’s.
The Rule of St. Albert of Jerusalem is based on that of St Basil and was written for the early Carmelites.
The Visitation nuns were founded in France in the 1600s. This was in the wake of the Council of Trent, which cloistered all women’s orders. The Visitation was active, but St de Sales cloistered them because of public criticism. The Daughters of Charity were founded just afterward. It’s thought that they were the first society of apostolic life, which isn’t entirely true. St. Margaret of Cortona’s Franciscan sisters were. They were cloistered by the Council, then suppressed by a revolution.
The Redemptorists didn’t come along until the 1700s.
Blessings,
Mrs Cloisters OP
Lay Dominican
http://cloisters.tripod.com/
http://cloisters.tripod.com/charity/
http://cloisters.tripod.com/holyangels/id9.html/