I think it depends. My Bishop who went to the University of Kansas, talked about how he was part of a humanities program there and while it was not specifically about Catholicism or anything like that, it was about western civilization and the great books and as a result they read the greek philosophers as well as Augustine, Aquinas, Dante, even some from new testament.
What was funny was that it not only made my bishop convert to Catholicism, but a number of people from this course converted as well, even the professors. My bishop even mentioned how the ACLU got involved because they felt it was promoting religion at a public university since one of the women in the class had converted and her father was a Unitarian minister. The courts fortunately thought it was silly and threw out the case.
So I guess the point is it depends. Find a public college with a good Newman Center. I don’t know if they have Catholic Studies (i doubt it) but if they do, The University of Nebraska in Lincoln is a great public college to be Catholic at.