Calling the Divine Liturgy or the Eucharistic Liturgy the “Mass” or the “Eucharist” is an example of a
synecdoche. This is a figure of speech, and of its uses is to refer to the whole by mentioning only a part. For example, when you say “Get your butt over here!” you mean for the whole person to come, not just their rear end.
The long-standing Latin tradition (stretching back, it would seem, to the time of St. Ambrose) of referring to the Divine Liturgy as the “Mass” (
missa) is an example of this. The word
missa comes from some of the last words spoken by the priest at the Mass!
Ite, missa est. “Go, it is the
dismissal.” But the word “Mass” doesn’t simply mean “dismissal”, or else the phrase “The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass” wouldn’t make much sense at all! “The Holy Sacrifice of the Dismissal”?
The problem, as I see it, with using the word “Eucharist” to refer to the whole Mass is that we no longer thing of the Mass as being anything other than the
whole Mass; we don’t call the Dismissal the “Mass”. But we do call the sacrament the Eucharist.
It’s less confusing to say “Eucharistic liturgy” or “Eucharistic celebration”, but even those can be taken the wrong way, treating the word “Eucharistic” as a mere adjective meaning “of thanksgiving”, instead of “of the Eucharist”.
Some people don’t like the word “Mass” to refer to the Divine Liturgy as celebrated in the Roman Rite. Why? I don’t know for sure. I have my suspicions. Maybe they associate “Mass” with “Sacrifice of the Mass”, and they don’t think of the Eucharist as a sacrifice. Maybe they think, “in the old days, a priest would ‘
say Mass’ and the people would ‘
hear Mass’, while today we all ‘
celebrate Eucharist.’”
Just guesses.
I’d try to retain use of the traditional language: the Mass, the Most Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Nothing against the Eucharist, of course! It’s the Most Blessed Sacrament!