Commentary on Jonah Chapter 1

  • Thread starter Thread starter copland
  • Start date Start date
Status
Not open for further replies.
C

copland

Guest
I have finished Chapter 1 of Jonah concerning commentary. This commentary is based solely upon quotations from the Early Church Fathers and Doctors of the Church. In front of each quote I have also put what type of sense of interpretation that was given, such as whether it was literal/historical, etiology-explanation provided, allegory-symbolic, analolgy-Old and New Law harmonized, or Moral- meaning what should be done. If you like commentaries and the rich teachings of the Church then I feel this could be a helpful tool for understanding Jonah. I have started working on Chapter 2, adn I hope to be finished by next Monday.

Jonah Commentary Based Upon The Early Church Fathers, and Doctors of the Church

1:1And the word of the Lord came to Jonah the son of Amathi, saying, 1:2”Arise, and go to Nineveh the great city, and preach in it, for the crying of its wickedness has ascended up to me.”

**Etiology and Moral **“God will threaten to destroy the city of Nineveh for the very reason that He might not destroy it. When God makes a threat concerning our sins, He makes the threat beforehand so that we may be sobered by fear, so that our repentance will bring about God’s mercy so He will not have to follow through with the threat.” [St. John Chrysostom Hom. On Paralytic 3] 400AD

Etiology “’The crying of their wickedness has ascended up to me’ is to be understood as nothing else than excess of their wickedness.” [St. John Chrysostom Concerning Statues Hom. XX 21]

Etiology “At one time, God had been offended by the sins of the Ninevites. He was appeased by the crying and the wailing of children. For, though we read that the whole people wept, yet the lot and the innocence of the little ones merited the greatest mercy.” [Salvian the Presbyter Letter 4] 400AD

History and Etiology and Poetic

“The mild Avenger calls that prophet stern,

And bids him go as herald of the coming woe,

But knowing that the Judge who threatens evil dread,

Is prone to pardon rather than to scourge and smite,

[Prudentius Hymn 7; 105] 348AD

*1:3And Jonah arose to escape into Tharsis from the face of the Lord. And he went down into Joppa, and found a ship going to Tharsis. And he gave his money, and ascended into it, to sail with them to Tharsis from the face of the Lord.

Etiology
“He fled from having to announce the dreadful and awful message to the Ninevites, and from being subsequently convicted of falsehood, if the city was saved by repentance; not that he was displeased at the salvation of the wicked, but he was ashamed of being made an instrument of falsehood, and exceedingly zealous for the credit of prophecy, which was in danger of being destroyed in his person, since most men are unable to penetrate the depth of the Divine dispensation in such cases.

Jonah was not ignorant of the mighty hand of God, nor did he imagine that he could utterly escape the Divine power; this we are not to believe; but when Jonah saw the falling away of Israel, and he realized the grace passing over to the Gentiles in the prophecy- this was the cause of his ceasing from preaching and the delay in fulfilling the command. He left Joppa, which in Hebrew it means ‘beautiful’, and he fell into a deep sorrow and ran from his command given to him.” [St. Gregory Nazranzen [In Defence of His Flight to Pontus Oration 2; 107,109]

Etiology “When God sent Jonah as the preacher of the destruction of Nineveh, he fled because of his knowledge of the diverse meanings and causes of God’s words. Lest the people make fun of him when his prophecy was unfulfilled, he fled from prophesying.” [St. John of the Cross The Ascent of Mount Carmel Chapter 20:7] 1560AD
 

*1:4And the Lord raised up a wind upon the sea, and there came great waves on the sea, and the ship was in danger of being crushed. 1:5And the sailors were afraid, and cried everyone to his god, and they cast out the baggage that was in the ship into the sea to lighten it from them. But Jonah went down into the interior of the ship, and went to sleep, and snored.


Allegory “And the ship in which Jonah embarked, and which was tempest and tossed, is this brief and hard life in the present time; just as though we had turned and removed from the blessed and secure life, to that which was most tempestuous and unstable, as from solid land to a ship. For what a ship is to land, that our present life is to that which is immortal. And the storm and the tempests which beat us are the temptations of this life, which in the world, as in a tempest sea, do not permit us to have a fair voyage free from pain, in a calm sea, and one which is free from evils.” [Methodius Fragments on the History of Jonah] 260AD

1:6And the navigator came to him, and said to him, “What, you are snoring? Get up, and call upon your God, so that God may bring us safely through, and we shall never perish.”

Etiology For the expression ‘your God’ the sailor makes as if to one who knew Him (God) by way of knowledge; and the expression ‘that God may bring us safely through’ revealed the consciousness in the mind of the heathens who had applied their mind to the Ruler of all, but had not yet believed.” [St. Clement of Alexandria Stromata Bk. 5 Chapter XIV]

Allegory On Verses 6-12“When we examine the story of Jonah, great is the resemblance. Jesus was sent to preach repentance; Jonah also was sent, but fled not knowing what should come to pass; the other of course willingly, to give repentance unto salvation. Jonah was asleep in the ship, and snores during the stormy sea; while Jesus also slept, the sea, according to God’s providence, began to rise, to show the might of Him who slept. The one they said, ‘What, you are snoring? Get up and call upon your God, so that God may bring us safely through;’ but in the other case they say to the Master, ‘Lord, save us (Matthew 25:26).’ Where in Jonah’s case they said, ‘Call upon your God’; with Jesus the disciples said, ‘You save.’ But the one says, ‘Take me, and cast me into the sea; so shall the sea be calm for you; the other, Himself rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm.” [St. Cyril Catech. Lectures Letter XIV 17] 318AD

1:7And each one said to his fellow man, “Come let us cast lots, and we may know for whose sake this evil is upon us.” And they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah.

**

Moral “Lots: If we ascribe it to chance it does not seem to imply any vice other than vanity. If, on the other hand, the decision by lot be left to a spiritual cause, it is sometimes ascribed to demons, as in the case in Ezekiel 21:21, which is unlawful and forbidden. Sometimes, however, the decision is left to God, according to Proverbs 16:33. This sortilege is not wrong in itself. If anyone resort to the drawing of lots in Church elections, this should be carried out by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Wherefore as Bede says (Super Act. Apos.) ‘Before Pentecost the ordination of Matthias was decided by lot; because as yet the fullness of the Holy Spirit was not yet poured forth into the Church.’ [St. Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologica] 1250AD
 
*1:9And he said to them, “I am a slave of the Lord, and I worship the Lord God of Heaven, the One Who made the sea and the dry land.”

Etiology
“This was said by Jonah so that those sailors might receive an unhoped for salvation from God, and might turn and glorify God, and repeat that word which was uttered by Jonah, ‘I am a slave of the Lord, and I worship the Lord God of Heaven, the One Who made the sea and the dry land.’ [St. Irenaeus Against Heresies Chapter 20:1-2] 120AD

1:12And Jonah said to them, “Lift me up, and throw me into the sea, and the sea will die down for you. Because I know that because of me this great swell is upon you.”

Allegory “Jonah, in his humility was thrown into the deep that he might rise in glory to be a type of the Lord.” [St. Jerome Letter CXXXIII 12] 400AD

1:15And they took Jonah, and they cast him into the sea, and the sea stopped from its fury.

Allegory and Moral“The sailors therefore threw Jonah in the sea, and the ship was preserved. Let us then drown our sins, and our vessel will assuredly be safe! Flight will certainly be no advantage to us; for it did not profit him; on the contrary, it did him injury.” [St. John Chrysostom Concerning Statues Homily 5:18] 400AD

Allegory “And the casting of Jonah from the ship into the sea signifies the fall of man from life to death, who received that sentence because, through having sinned, he fell from righteousness.” [Methodius Fragments On the History of Jonah] 260AD
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top