That little voice has less to do with evolution and biological urges and more to do with social supression of those urges. As adults we recognize that some of those supressions that have become part of our unconscious are serving us well in getting along in society, but some of them, perhaps, are not actually doing us any good. Those suppressions that we deem to be a hinderance to wellbeing get overridden by the conscious self, but we still feel the negative effects of overriding the unconscious suppression in “guilty feelings” until the conscious self is able to expose the unconscious supression for what it is.
Or, that tiny voice has nothing to do with social suppression and everything to do with a “natural law” within us which we’re free to override and in fact is overridden when, for example, one decides that incest or pedophilia might be a valid activity and any guilt associated with such activities should be squelched.
But we know that the “tiny voice” can be misguided and tell us to do what we intellectually know is wrong like discriminating against people on the basis of race or sexual orientation. And we know that different people living in different cultures have “tiny voices” telling them different things than ours tells us. Such examples lead me to believe that this “tiny voice” is a cultural construct that has it’s benefits but needs to be overcome in certain situations where our upbringing taught us the wrong things.
But they tend to claim that the voice is real, but not apart from the individual but a part of them and that life is a progression toward that little voice which is one and the same and them…and God. There is no difference 
I agree. I think where I diagree with others and perhaps you is in equating that “tiny voice” with conscience. Conscience includes intellect whereas that “tiny voice” is the morality that has been ingrained in us through cultural conditioning.
Whatever term we want to use for it, what impresses me is that there seems to exist some sort of underlying knowledge of basic right and wrong that is consistent among people. We all know what it means to disrespect someone or be disrespected by them. We all know what it means to harm someone and what it feels like to have had harm done to us. We don’t need to learn it-we know it from the get-go.
I can’t see how we could learn “what it means to harm someone and what it feels like to have had harm done to us” without experiencing these things.
There actually is some evidence for what you say here since scientists see the same thing in monkeys:
We don’t need to learn to judge these things as wrongs-we know it intuitively as soon as we experience them
I agree. I think the only difference is that you want to say that somehow we must have known rightness and wrongness in situations before we even had any experience of anything. But I agree that we have an innate value sensibility.
OK, so what I mean is that this applies to justice or morality as well as to hot stoves. The average person experiences mental “pain” when they know an injustice has been done to them or when they, themselves, have committed an injustice on another. I’m not just saying that we have a construct which allows us to make judgments as to what is right or wrong but also that we already possess the knowledge or content in most cases about what exactly comprises right or wrong acts-IOW, we generally *know *a right or wrong act when we see one.
Whether scientists can measure the extent to which animals may be aware of their agitation or satisfaction in thieir choices is irrelevant to whether such awareness exists. And the degree to which monkeys may be self-aware of their own satisfaction or agitation is irrelevant to whether they experience such emotions in situations that involve fairness. In other words, all this talk about the subjectivity of other beings may never be understood, but nevertheless, by observing animal behavior we can see that monkeys deomnstrate altruism and a concern for fairness.
I don’t think that animals hear any “tiny voice” if that’s what you mean. As for how we know, as I said, by observing animal behavior we can see that monkeys demonstrate altruism and a concern for fairness.