As a life long Methodist, I would say no for us, not like the Catechism. We do have a book called The Discipline, Most of it is Roberts rules/organizational stuff, not doctrine. There is a Social Principles section which contains mainly socialist resolutions adopted by folks way out of the Methodist layman main stream (you can tell my opinion of it

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To my knowledge, the only doctrinal official statement is the Articles of Religion. While no creeds are mentioned, the Articles contain the essence of the Nicene Creed (plus some other stuff). The Nicene Creed and the Apostles creed are printed in the Methodist Hymnal and the Apostles Creed is recited every Sunday in every Methodist Church of which I have been a member (I think there are some very informal, country (not meant pejoratively!) Methodist Churches which do not routinely recite the Apostles Creed).
We have bishops over “conferences” but no “overall bishop.” The just completed GC (see below) tried to add a supernumerary bishop (of disputed powers) but it was defeated,
The final authority is a general conference (clergy and laity) that meets every four years. So the bishops report to no one except in a sense the 4 year general conference. Bishops can be “impeached” (I don’t know the procedure) but it rarely if ever happens even for (what i would consider) quite unorthodox actions/statements.