Hi all!
Fasting is very much a part of (orthodox) Jewish practice.
There are 6 fast days in our calendar, 2 'round-the-clock, dusk-to-nightfall fasts and 4/5 first-light-to-nightfall fasts.
The first 2 are Yom Kippur (
jewfaq.org/holiday4.htm) and the Ninth of the Hebrew month of Av (
jewfaq.org/holidayd.htm). They entail bans not only on eating & drinking, but on sex, bathing, and the wearing of make-up, leather and jewelry.
The other 4/5 (
jewfaq.org/holidaye.htm) entail bans on eating & drinking only.
Boys over 13 and girls over 12 are obliged to fast. Pregnant women & women who have recently given birth are exempt. Someone who is sick (enough) is also exempt (as per doctor’s orders).
Regarding Yom Kippur, our Sages interpret Leviticus 16:29 and 23:27 (“afflict your souls”) as referring to fasting. Even very many Jews who are otherwise very unobservant & not religious fast on Yom Kippur; fasting on Yom Kippur is extremely ingrained. When my late father-in-law (may he rest in peace!) became ill and was told by his doctors that he must
NOT fast on Yom Kippur, he was heart-broken.
Zechariah 8:18 refers to 3 of the 4/5 “half-day” fasts and the Ninth of Av. Zechariah 8:19 says:
Thus says the Lord of hosts: The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful seasons; therefore love you truth and peace.
Our Sages say that the above refers to the era of the Messiah (may
he come soon, in our days!), when the fast days on which we mourn the Temple’s destruction will become feast days on which we rejoice in its reconstruction.
The next fast day on our calendar is one of the “half-day” fasts, the Tenth of the Hebrew month of Tevet (see
tinyurl.com/3g8do) . It will fall on Wednesday, December 22 this year.
The fifth of the “4/5” half-day fasts is the day before Passover (i.e. the morning & afternoon before the Seder on the first night of Passover). It is for first-born males
ONLY but if a first-born male attends a festive meal (such as accompanies a circumcision or the conclusion of the studying of a given portion of the Talmud), he is exempt. Since one cannot always count on a circumcision being held the morning before Passover, it is the universal custom for synagogues to arrange it so that somebody always finishes studying a given portion of the Talmud that morning. He teaches it to the assenbled first-borns & then they enjoy a festive breakfast.
On all 4 of the “half-day fasts”, we read Exodus 32:11-14 and 34:1-10. At afternoon prayers on these 4 days (and on the Ninth of the Hebrew month of Av as well), we read the Exodus readings again and Isaiah 55:6-56:8. The reading from Isaiah is one of my favorites. Our Sages comment on 55:6 (“Seek you the Lord while He may be found; call upon Him while He is near”) and ask when may He be found and when will He be near. Their answer: Always! I like the message of 55:8-9, the imagery of 55:10-11 and the universalism of the last phrase in 56:7.
Be well!
ssv