What the Catholic Church teaches is that God’s plan of salvation (Jesus Christ on the Cross) includes every human being on earth.
- Nobody* is excluded from the possibility of being converted to the Catholic faith (which is the true faith in Jesus Christ), by which we are saved from our sins and become citizens of the Kingdom of Heaven (aka Saints).
In the section that you’re quoting, our Catechism explains to us how each group of people (broadly speaking) is
currently related to the Truth of Christ, so that when we are evangelizing them, we know what the starting place is.
In the case of the Muslims, they know how to have faith (lesson 1), that there is only one God (lesson 2), and they know about Abraham (lesson 3).
Instead of just picking out a couple of paragraphs here and there, you should really read the whole section. It’s quite self-explanatory.