Free Will, genetics, circumstances and neuroscience

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Today many people don’t believe that free will exists. Usually people would say that our actions are determined by either our circumstances, our genetics, our environment or our neurons and we do not make any truly free actions. How can we show people that free will exists, and how do we respond to such objections?
 
You will have to precisely define “free will” or else this thread will wander all over the place. An interesting thought experiment is as follows: If you could rewind time 30 seconds and once again have the situation exactly as it was then (every atom in the universe as it was, your physiology as it was etc), could you have make a different choice than you did at that moment?
 
You will have to precisely define “free will” or else this thread will wander all over the place. An interesting thought experiment is as follows: If you could rewind time 30 seconds and once again have the situation exactly as it was then (every atom in the universe as it was, your physiology as it was etc), could you have make a different choice than you did at that moment?
If you chose differently in such a situation, with the same knowledge and the same wants, then that would suggest your choices are being determined by something other than your own will or are simply down to true randomness and, again, not your own will.
 
If you could have chosen differently that would be evidence FOR free will.
 
If you could have chosen differently that would be evidence FOR free will.
Could have and would have are different things. We choose what we think is the best option. That’s part of what makes it our own. If we were to run the instance 1,000 times and I don’t pick the same thing consistently, despite my knowledge and wants being the same, that’s evidence that I’m not the one doing the choosing, and my choices aren’t actually reflective of my knowledge and wants.

So I disagree. What you’re suggesting would seem to suggest my choices wouldn’t be dependent upon my will at all.

Free will is having the freedom to be the one choosing.
 
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Today many people don’t believe that free will exists. Usually people would say that our actions are determined by either our circumstances, our genetics, our environment or our neurons and we do not make any truly free actions. How can we show people that free will exists, and how do we respond to such objections?
So for Catholics the will is a power of the spiritual rational soul by which we are inclined toward something. So there must be acceptance that a person has a rational soul. Those that do not consider the rational soul likely consider only the brain and nervous systems and interaction with the environment.

Catechism of the Catholic Church
1731 Freedom is the power, rooted in reason and will, to act or not to act, to do this or that, and so to perform deliberate actions on one’s own responsibility. By free will one shapes one’s own life. Human freedom is a force for growth and maturity in truth and goodness; it attains its perfection when directed toward God, our beatitude.

1732 As long as freedom has not bound itself definitively to its ultimate good which is God, there is the possibility of choosing between good and evil , and thus of growing in perfection or of failing and sinning. This freedom characterizes properly human acts. It is the basis of praise or blame, merit or reproach.
 
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That was rather easy. The above two posts by Gigas97 and Vico would seem to strongly suggest that we don’t have free will.

Why?

Because if Vico is correct then free will is dependent upon a rational soul. But the above videos demonstrate that we don’t have rational souls. In this case the professor is being irrational, and the student is being rational.

Why is he doing that? Why is he being irrational? He would seem to be a normal intelligent person, and yet he’s being irrational.

Ah, but you may disagree, and say that he’s being perfectly rational. Then is it the student that’s being irrational? Oddly enough a rational person would probably say no, the student isn’t being irrational, they just haven’t considered the implications sufficiently enough.

But why should we assume that either of them has considered the implications sufficiently enough?

We shouldn’t.

But this would imply that in general it’s difficult, if not impossible, to look at anyone’s behavior and determine whether it’s rational or not. How are we to decide what’s rational? We run into the very conundrum that the professor is describing. We must assume that we’re rational in order to determine what’s rational.

But maybe Vico’s wrong and a rational mind isn’t necessary for free will, then what is? Or is rationality simply an illusion, just like free will.
The professor wasn’t being irrational?

But even in general, rational soul just means to have the capacity in your nature to reason, to abstract thinking. It doesn’t mean people don’t ever behave irrationally.
 
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Wesrock:
The professor wasn’t being irrational?
That’s the question, was he being irrational or wasn’t he?

And no matter which way I answer that question, for it to have any merit, I have to assume that I’m rational.
But even in general, rational soul just means to have the capacity in your nature to reason, to abstract thinking. It doesn’t mean people don’t ever behave irrationally.
True, but this would mean that rationality is subjective. What’s rational to me may not be rational to you. What differentiates a rational choice from an irrational choice if two people can look at the same circumstance and reach a completely different conclusion about whether it’s rational.
Again, all that’s at issue with the term “rational soul” is the natural capacity to reason, make arguments, engage in abstract thinking.

Entirely separate than that, on a tangent, people in their right minds come to different conclusions not because what is right and good and true is subjective, but because their knowledge is.
 
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Wesrock:
Again, all that’s at issue with the term “rational soul” is the natural capacity to reason, make arguments, engage in abstract thinking.
Yes, but the argument is that through rational thinking we can determine what’s true, and yet we disagree.

We do.
people in their right minds come to different conclusions not because what is right and good and true is subjective, but because their knowledge is.
But intelligent people disagree. So either their capacity to reason is lacking, or their information is lacking. Or both.
No two people have exactly the same knowledge. And sometimes our ability to reason encounters limitations.

This doesn’t mean we don’t have any capacity for reason or abstract thinking.
 
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Some consider the soul to be spiritual and other do not (material soul).

Rationality and will are not to be confused with one another being different faculties. The three faculties of the rational soul (per Aquinas) are will and intellect and passion (which means an undergoing).
 
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Wesrock:
This doesn’t mean we don’t have any capacity for reason or abstract thinking.
But the question in this thread is, do we have free will? The fact that intelligent people disagree would seem to suggest that we either have an insufficient capacity to reason, or an insufficient amount of information. Either of which renders free will little better than random chance.
“Random chance” seems incorrect, as thst would seem to imply there’s no cause or reason to the choices we make.

It’s the person doing the choosing.
 
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Wesrock:
“Random chance” seems incorrect, as thst would seem to imply there’s no cause or reason to the choices we make.

It’s the person doing the choosing.
I don’t know for certain that it’s random, I’m simply asking how one can differentiate a reasoned choice from a random chance, if that reasoned choice lacks either the capacity or the information with which to make that choice.

And it would seem that this incapacity exists, because supposedly rational people come to completely opposite conclusions on things ranging from the insignificant, to the profoundly important. Such that their choices appear as though they might just as well be the product of random chance.
And what you’re proposing is absolutely counter-intuitive to your experience. You’re proposing thst you can’t propose. That you’re not actually writing any information, or making any arguments, and that what you’re writing is absent any actual reasons. You’re denying the possibility to even come to a position that there is no free will, that there is no way to even counter your intuitive experience.
 
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Wesrock:
And what you’re proposing is absolutely counter-intuitive to your experience. You’re proposing thst you can’t propose. That you’re not actually writing any information, or makingany arguments, and that what you’re righting is absent any actual reasons. You’re denying the possibility to even come to a position that there is no free will.
To be clear, here’s what I’m doing. I’m a solipsist, so I have to try to determine whether you’re objectively real, or an illusion.

A big part of making that determination isn’t about the way that you look, but rather it’s about the way that you behave. Do you behave like an intelligent rational being with free will?

When viewed individually people do indeed appear to have free will, but when viewed collectively, human behavior appears random, it doesn’t appear rational and logical. Supposedly rational, intelligent people come to completely different conclusions about things ranging from the mundane to the significant.

If it’s simply about a lack of sufficient information, then rational intelligent people should be able to agree that such a lack of information exists, and then agree to act accordingly.

Can we agree, for example, that there’s insufficient information to conclude that there’s a God? Probably not.
The apparent rationality of others should have little to do with whether you think others are real. If you’re capable of reason and abstract thinking, then you’re perfectly capable of projecting that rationality on illusions. And the question of free will isn’t even about others, but you.
 
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KevinK:
You will have to precisely define “free will” or else this thread will wander all over the place. An interesting thought experiment is as follows: If you could rewind time 30 seconds and once again have the situation exactly as it was then (every atom in the universe as it was, your physiology as it was etc), could you have make a different choice than you did at that moment?
If you chose differently in such a situation, with the same knowledge and the same wants, then that would suggest your choices are being determined by something other than your own will or are simply down to true randomness and, again, not your own will.
That appears to make logical sense. Free will in that sense does not exist. But I don’t think that the world works like that.

What you are actually saying is that if you knew the exact situation of every particle one gazzilionth of a second after the Big Bang then you could predict that you would be sitting there reading this in an exact position at an exact time a few billion years later.

Chaos theory and quantum mechanics makes that a nonsensical suggestion.

You can fine tune it down to more practical levels and determine the possibilities of what I would likely choose to do a moment after a car pulled out in front of me but more than that…?
 
To be clear, here’s what I’m doing. I’m a solipsist, so I have to try to determine whether you’re objectively real, or an illusion.
But on the other-hand the mere fact that you have an opinion on the existential status of another being presupposes that you have already reasoned that at least something exists (you for starters) so you cannot deny your ability to reason, in fact as a starting point, you cannot help being rational; although my past debates with you suggest to me that you are not always committed to the principles of rational thinking. Solipsism is not an excuse to question everything. Lacking knowledge of something is the basis for questioning and being sceptical. But some people take their scepticism to a point where they are willing to envision what they would otherwise deem impossible. Thus motives and agendas and ignorance can be a stumbling block on our way to the truth.

We are imperfect beings, thus we sometimes think irrationally. But that doesn’t mean we are not rational. It’s just means that some people are not as reasonable as they would like to think or have others believe.
 
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Human acts are those acts in which deliberation precedes the act (or non-act). Such deliberation is always dependent on one’s knowledge (experiences and beliefs). Therefore, the human act always engages the intellect.

One’s knowledge informs their will. The will, in this sense, is not entirely free from some dependency, that is, we must be a knowing being before we can be a willing being. But the dependency described above is an internal dependency and, as such, does not render the integral person any less free to act as he wills.

For instance, a baby (“brain stem only” kind of knowledge) wills only acts which immediately provide pleasure or relieve pain. (2AM – “Wake up mommy and feed me, now!”) Awareness and knowledge of others and their needs does not yet exist.

This category of child is often not delimited by age but rather by the extent of their knowledge. If the child’s extreme selfishness, perhaps necessary for survival, extends beyond infancy into adulthood then the person is rightly labeled as somewhere on the spectrum of autism. The knowledge that others exist and have needs remains largely a mystery to them.

But for those who willingly remain ignorant of the needs of others no such exoneration exists and we label them as narcissists. Their ignorance is freely willed and for that they are culpable.
 
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