Suppose that the only way you know anything is because you perceive things – Sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches; the lecture of instructors; interactions with others; the very words you are reading now.
Suppose you also know, or have experienced, that it is possible for you to have erroneous perceptions. I thought I heard someone calling my name, but everyone denies doing so. I must have been mistaken.
Suppose there is an Evil Genii, and the Evil Genii’s sole livelihood is to put wrong thoughts into your head and to fool you into believing false things.* Would you be able to tell?
(* If you don’t like the Evil Genii: Suppose your brain is not really in your head, but is being kept alive – in a vat of blood – and all the nerve endings are attached to a computer, which is similarly generating false sensations to fool you into believing false things)
Now: One thing the Evil Genii cannot fool you into thinking is: that you are thinking. If you *think *you are thinking, then you *really are *thinking. And whatever else may be true, you are a thinking thing. A thinking thing that truly exists. Of these things you can be sure.
Now pick up Descartes, and see where he ran with it from there.
tee
I think