Baptism does remove original sin that was granted to us by our original set of parents. The consequences of that sin still remains however. That is why there is still suffering, death and the weakness of the human will. While baptism does remove original sin, the sacrament also infuses us with the Holy Spirit allowing us to receive sanctifying grace and become an adopted child of God. So after one is baptized he or she is in essence in the same state as Adam and Eve were before they sinned except with the consequences of sin remaining. The temporal punishment of sin is removed with baptism which would allow one to go straight to heaven (no purgatory) but, as I said, suffering, death and human inclination to sin still remain.
Great explanation, thanks, but one more question: Are the consequences of the original sin the same as the temporal punishment of original sin?
When Christ died on the cross He reconciled us back to His Father. Christian baptism is only possible because of Christ’s death on the cross. The original sin of Adam and Eve was so offensive that no one could enter paradise again without an infinite sacrifice for sin. All of the Old Testament sacrifices were a foreshadowing of what Jesus would do for all of humanity. Now, since the death of Jesus, when we seek reconciliation with a sincere heart we can be completely forgiven and enter the Kingdom of God. So, when we hear that Christ took away the sin of the world it does not mean that He took away our free will to reject Him. It means that when we do fall we can immediately seek forgiveness and that sin is no more. There is a difference between redemption and salvation. Christ redeemed the world back to the Father and we must cooperate with that redemption for our salvation. Saint Paul speaks of this throughout his letters. (cf. Phil 2)
Sin still exists in the world because free will still exists. God wants us to freely choose Him without any coercion on His part. Unfortunately, with that free will comes rejection and we choose the lesser pleasure in place of God. Once we enter the Kingdom of God there will be no more suffering, death or sin. What Jesus did for us was the ultimate gift of love in essence saying, " You can love me or you can hate me and I will always love you. If you reject Me to your dying day then I love you so much that I will allow you to remain separated from Me for all eternity". The Church calls that eternal separation hell.
I hope that I helped a little. Maybe others here can make it clearer for you. I commend you for asking these questions as we all have questions in our faith journey. Peace be with you and God bless…teachccd