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David_Zampino
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Uncertain, yes. An acceptable belief? Also, yes. A required belief? No.
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ezeekl
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Yes, and in an earlier time scientists worked on turning copper and other materials into gold.Both *creatio ex nihilo *and *creatio ex materia *have received the attention of philosophers, having been written about in ancient near-eastern and ancient Greek mythologies. Since the Book of Genesis says nothing about either of the two modalities, this lack of specificity is ripe for eisegesis. So one can read into the text one’s own bias.
Primitive abiogenesis has been detected in some research studies of naturally occurring amino acids and peptides, especially when activated by weak electrical currents. But
"A fundamental question is about the nature of the first self-replicating molecule. Since replication is accomplished in modern cells through the cooperative action of proteins and nucleic acids, the major schools of thought about how the process originated can be broadly classified as “proteins first” and “nucleic acids first”.
In conclusion, scientists are working on abiogenesis as we speak.
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nmgauss
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Often orthopraxy is influenced by ones peers without much in the way of orthodoxy. Such happens a lot in children. They imitate their parents. Orthopraxy can be prompted by the golden rule, which is a rational principle. Whether God or Jesus or the Trinity or the Virgin Mary enters the picture makes little difference.Without orthodoxy, orthopraxy is impossible. What you believe is extremely relevant. Indeed, what one believes has eternal consequences.
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ericc
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After trying to defend Mary PV from attacks from various denominations, I have distilled the following:
a) No credible Catholic or Protestant scholars can use the word adelphoi to conclusively identify that whether it is blood siblings or general kin because of varied usage.
b) Words like “firstborn” and “till” also proven to be non-defendable as having other children after Jesus was born.
Bottom-line, the Bible is inconclusive to support either camps.
So I looked at other sources. Protoevangelium of James was one. Eusebius was the other.
The first problem is identifying which James the NT is referring to.
Mark 6:1-3. son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon
Matthew 13:55 the brothers are James and Joseph and Simon and Judas.
Hence we can conclude that Joses and Joseph is the same person. But who are they children of? Are they the children of Joseph and Mary? For that we look at the crucifixion narratives.
James and Joseph are mentioned in Mark 15:40 and Matthew 27:56. If James and Joseph are the sons of Mary (Mother of Jesus), why is she not identified as Mother of Jesus? By convention, the eldest or more eminent son is identified. Why would Mark, switched Mary as the mother of Jesus in Mark 6 and later switch to Mary of James and Joseph in Mark 15? Plausible answer is Mary of Mark 15 is not Mary the mother of Jesus in Mark 6.
People around the cross
Mark 15:40. (a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary (James/Joseph), (c)Salome
Matthew 27:56 (a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary (James the Younger/Joseph), (c) mother of sons of Zebedee (James the Greater/John).
Therefore we can infer that Salome is the mother of James the Greater and John ie Zebedee brothers.
John 19:25 (a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary mother of Jesus, (c) his mother’s sister, (d) Mary the wife of Clopas OR
(a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary of Jesus, (c) Mary of Clopas, sister of Mary of Jesus.
(This is what happens when you don’t have punctuation marks) Occam’s razor will choose the 2nd option.
It is unlikely that Mary of Clopas is full sister with Mary of Jesus as it is not usual to give the same name to both children and tradition holds that Mary of Jesus was an only child. Mary of Clopas was held by some to be the sister-in-law as Clopas is said to be the brother of Joseph, Jesus foster father.
Sidenote: We know that the father of James the Younger is Alphaeus. Hence, Clopas = Alphaeus.
Hence, the brothers in Mark 6/Matthew 13 are Jesus cousins. Eusebius Church History Book 3 Chapter 11 adds further insight.
“They all with one consent pronounced Symeon, the son of Clopas, of whom the Gospel also makes mention; to be worthy of the episcopal throne of that parish. He was a cousin, as they say, of the Saviour. For Hegesippus records that Clopas was a brother of Joseph.”
Symeon or Simon as in Mark 6:1-3 died at the age of 120 in the year according to Eusebius in Church History Book 3 Chapter 32. Wiki identifies Simeon as Bishop of Jerusalem during 62 -107 AD. If Simon died in 107 A.D. at age 120, then he would be born around 13 B.C., older than Jesus. This information dovetails neatly with the explanations why younger brothers of Jesus will not rebuke their older brother in public. They will do so only if they are older. Mark 3:21.
Part 2
What About James the Just? He started to be figured prominently after Jesus resurrection and tagged Brother of our Lord. Some think he is James the Lesser of Clopas/Alphaeus. But this is what Eusebius have to say in Church History Book 2 Chapter 1.
“2. Then James, whom the ancients surnamed the Just on account of the excellence of his virtue, is recorded to have been the first to be made bishop of the church of Jerusalem. This James was called the brother of the Lord because he was known as a son of Joseph, and Joseph was supposed to be the father of Christ, because the Virgin, being betrothed to him, “was found with child by the Holy Ghost before they came together,” Ma tthe w 1:18 as the account of the holy Gospels shows.”
James the Just is reputed to have exclusive access to the “holy place” which I presume to be the Holy of Holies in the temple (See Eusebius Church History Book 3 Chapter 23) If James the Just is a full blood younger brother of Jesus and the Pharisees have crucified the older brother not too long ago for blaspheming , I find it hard to believe that temple authorities would let the younger brother into the most holy place in the temple. James the Just is most likely the step-brother of Jesus as the language in Eusebius Church History Book 2 quoted above seems to suggest pre-existing son(s) of Joseph before Mary was betrothed to him.
In summary, James/Joseph/Judas/Simon are Jesus’ cousins and James the Just his step-brother. All are older than Jesus. All are correctly identified as adelphoi of Jesus.
a) No credible Catholic or Protestant scholars can use the word adelphoi to conclusively identify that whether it is blood siblings or general kin because of varied usage.
b) Words like “firstborn” and “till” also proven to be non-defendable as having other children after Jesus was born.
Bottom-line, the Bible is inconclusive to support either camps.
So I looked at other sources. Protoevangelium of James was one. Eusebius was the other.
The first problem is identifying which James the NT is referring to.
Mark 6:1-3. son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon
Matthew 13:55 the brothers are James and Joseph and Simon and Judas.
Hence we can conclude that Joses and Joseph is the same person. But who are they children of? Are they the children of Joseph and Mary? For that we look at the crucifixion narratives.
James and Joseph are mentioned in Mark 15:40 and Matthew 27:56. If James and Joseph are the sons of Mary (Mother of Jesus), why is she not identified as Mother of Jesus? By convention, the eldest or more eminent son is identified. Why would Mark, switched Mary as the mother of Jesus in Mark 6 and later switch to Mary of James and Joseph in Mark 15? Plausible answer is Mary of Mark 15 is not Mary the mother of Jesus in Mark 6.
People around the cross
Mark 15:40. (a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary (James/Joseph), (c)Salome
Matthew 27:56 (a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary (James the Younger/Joseph), (c) mother of sons of Zebedee (James the Greater/John).
Therefore we can infer that Salome is the mother of James the Greater and John ie Zebedee brothers.
John 19:25 (a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary mother of Jesus, (c) his mother’s sister, (d) Mary the wife of Clopas OR
(a) Mary Magdalene, (b) Mary of Jesus, (c) Mary of Clopas, sister of Mary of Jesus.
(This is what happens when you don’t have punctuation marks) Occam’s razor will choose the 2nd option.
It is unlikely that Mary of Clopas is full sister with Mary of Jesus as it is not usual to give the same name to both children and tradition holds that Mary of Jesus was an only child. Mary of Clopas was held by some to be the sister-in-law as Clopas is said to be the brother of Joseph, Jesus foster father.
Sidenote: We know that the father of James the Younger is Alphaeus. Hence, Clopas = Alphaeus.
Hence, the brothers in Mark 6/Matthew 13 are Jesus cousins. Eusebius Church History Book 3 Chapter 11 adds further insight.
“They all with one consent pronounced Symeon, the son of Clopas, of whom the Gospel also makes mention; to be worthy of the episcopal throne of that parish. He was a cousin, as they say, of the Saviour. For Hegesippus records that Clopas was a brother of Joseph.”
Symeon or Simon as in Mark 6:1-3 died at the age of 120 in the year according to Eusebius in Church History Book 3 Chapter 32. Wiki identifies Simeon as Bishop of Jerusalem during 62 -107 AD. If Simon died in 107 A.D. at age 120, then he would be born around 13 B.C., older than Jesus. This information dovetails neatly with the explanations why younger brothers of Jesus will not rebuke their older brother in public. They will do so only if they are older. Mark 3:21.
Part 2
What About James the Just? He started to be figured prominently after Jesus resurrection and tagged Brother of our Lord. Some think he is James the Lesser of Clopas/Alphaeus. But this is what Eusebius have to say in Church History Book 2 Chapter 1.
“2. Then James, whom the ancients surnamed the Just on account of the excellence of his virtue, is recorded to have been the first to be made bishop of the church of Jerusalem. This James was called the brother of the Lord because he was known as a son of Joseph, and Joseph was supposed to be the father of Christ, because the Virgin, being betrothed to him, “was found with child by the Holy Ghost before they came together,” Ma tthe w 1:18 as the account of the holy Gospels shows.”
James the Just is reputed to have exclusive access to the “holy place” which I presume to be the Holy of Holies in the temple (See Eusebius Church History Book 3 Chapter 23) If James the Just is a full blood younger brother of Jesus and the Pharisees have crucified the older brother not too long ago for blaspheming , I find it hard to believe that temple authorities would let the younger brother into the most holy place in the temple. James the Just is most likely the step-brother of Jesus as the language in Eusebius Church History Book 2 quoted above seems to suggest pre-existing son(s) of Joseph before Mary was betrothed to him.
In summary, James/Joseph/Judas/Simon are Jesus’ cousins and James the Just his step-brother. All are older than Jesus. All are correctly identified as adelphoi of Jesus.
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