By god, Socrates, Glaucon said, don’t desert us with the end almost in sight. We’ll be satisfied if you discuss the good as you discussed justice, moderation, and the rest. That, my friend, I said, That, my friend, I said, would satisfy me too, but I’m afraid that I won’t be up to it and that I’ll disgrace myself and look ridiculous by trying. So let’s abandon the quest for what the good itself is for the time being, for even to arrive at my own view about it is too big a topic for the discussion we are now started on. But I am willing to tell you about what is apparently an offspring of the good and most like it. Is that agreeable to you, or would you rather we let the whole matter drop? It is. The story about the father remains a debt you’ll pay another time. I wish that I could pay the debt in full, and you receive it instead of just the interest. So here, then, is this child and offspring of the good. But be careful that I don’t somehow deceive you unintentionally by giving you an illegitimate account of the child. We’ll be as careful as possible, so speak on. I will when we’ve come to an agreement and recalled some things that we’ve already said both here and many other times. Which ones? We say that there are many beautiful things and many good things, and so on for each kind, and in this way we distinguish them in words. We do. And beauty itself and good itself and all the things that we thereby set down as many, reversing ourselves, we set down according to a single form of each, believing that there is but one, and call it “the being” of each. That’s true. And we say that the many beautiful things and the rest are visible but not intelligible, while the forms are intelligible but not visible. That’s completely true. With what part of ourselves do we see visible things? With our sight. And so audible things are heard by hearing, and with our other senses we perceive all the other perceptible things. That’s right. Have you considered how lavish the maker of our senses was in making the power to see and be seen? I can’t say I have. Well, consider it this way. Do hearing and sound need another kind of thing in order for the former to hear and the latter to be heard, a third thing in whose absence the one won’t hear or the other be heard? No, they need nothing else. And if there are any others that need such a thing, there can’t be many of them. Can you think of one? I can’t. You don’t realize that sight and the visible have such a need? How so? Sight may be present in the eyes, and the one who has it may try to use it, and colors may be present in things, but unless a third kind of thing is present, which is naturally adapted for this very purpose, you know that sight will see nothing, and the colors will remain unseen. What kind of thing do you mean? I mean what you call light. You’re right. Then it isn’t an insignificant kind of link that connects the sense of sight and the power to be seen—it is a more valuable link than any other linked things have got, if indeed light is something valuable. And, of course, it’s very valuable. Which of the gods in heaven would you name as the cause and controller of this, the one whose light causes our sight to see in the best way and the visible things to be seen? The same one you and others would name. Obviously, the answer to your question is the sun. And isn’t sight by nature related to that god in this way? Which way? Sight isn’t the sun, neither sight itself nor that in which it comes to be, namely, the eye. No, it certainly isn’t. But I think that it is the most sunlike of the senses. Very much so. And it receives from the sun the power it has, just like an influx from an overflowing treasury. Certainly. The sun is not sight, but isn’t it the cause of sight itself and seen by it? That’s right. Let’s say, then, that this is what I called the offspring of the good, which the good begot as its analogue. What the good itself [the Father, the Rock, existence itself] is in the intelligible realm [Logos, the Son, the essence of existence], in relation to understanding and intelligible things, the sun is in the visible realm, in relation to sight and visible things.
How? Explain a bit more.