Keep in mind that besides receiving the sacramental real presence of Jesus in both his human and divine natures, the Eucharist (and all other sacraments) imparts sanctifying grace, which stays with us until we ask Jesus to leave by commiting mortal sin.
So while the sacramental real presence lasts only a short period of time, the sanctifying grace is abiding.
Most protestants don’t have a concept of grace as a real entity. But Catholic theology is that it is by grace alone that we are saved. It is grace that enables us to be sanctified on earth, and to live in heaven. And the sacraments, especially the Eucharist, are conduits of grace.