Thank you. YOu mention the understanding of the western Church. How does the East answer this question?
In western terms we receive habitual grace, and there are forms of grace besides habitual grace: the infused virtues, the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and actual grace, and miraculous gifts of prophecy or healing, or the preternatural gifts of freedom from concupiscence. Faith, hope, and charity as supernatural virtues and the distinction between natural and supernatural virtue is different than the eastern expression.
Synergism is a key concept used in eastern theology, that God always takes the initiative in our salvation and we give willful cooperation and obedience out of love. (Also true in the west: we choose to cooperate with God, by our charity.)
I love how St. Gregory of Nyssa expresses it:The Word unites humanity to God methodically, step by step.
First he enlightens us through the prophets and the precepts of the law; for we take the prophets to be the windows admitting the light and the network of the law’s commands to be the lattice.
Through both of these steals the brilliance of the true light.
Afterward comes the full illumination when by union with our nature the true light shines upon those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death.
First the light of the ideas contained in the prophets and the law shines upon the soul through windows and lattices apprehended by our minds, filling it with a desire to see the sun in the open air. Then the desire is fulfilled.
Rise up my companion, my fair one, my dove, and come (2:10). How much the Word teaches us in these few words!
We watch him leading the bride to the heights along the ascending path of virtue, as though up a flight of steps.
First he sends her a ray of light through the windows which are the prophets and the lattice which is the precepts of the law, calling her to approach the light and to become beautiful as she takes on in the light the form of a dove.
Then when she has taken on as much of the divine beauty as she can, as though she had not yet received any part in it, he draws her once again from the beginning toward the supreme Beauty in which she is to share.
As a result her desire becomes more intense the further she advances toward what is continually being revealed to her.
Moreover, because of the surpassing greatness of the blessings she is always receiving by his grace who surpasses all, she seems to be making the journey for the first time.
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