KidCatholic1:
I have a friend that is atheist… Their rationale for being irreligious is that they don’t believe in anything that cannot be seen. … they do believe in forces and physical reactions but not in spiritual entities. They only recently acknowledged China existed.
In that case, they do believe in things that cannot be seen. They are committing the fallacy of special pleading if they admit that China and physical causes can exist without being seen, but don’t apply the same reasoning to God.
If they believe in forces and physical reactions, one argument for God’s existence that might be effective with them is to talk to them about matter being an effect. We can use reason to examine the properties of matter and conclude that nothing material can be eternal. For one thing, matter loses energy. An eternal thing can’t.
In that light, it is absolutely certain that matter started to exist at some point.
The reason this is important is because of the following argument based on the law of contradiction:
Either the material world is caused, or it is not. If it is caused, either something nonmaterial caused the material world, or something material. Using reason alone, we can exclude all other theories, because the law of contradiction says that, in any case between an option and its negation, one of the two must be true.
That simple argument gives us three options for the world: (1) the material world is eternal, (2) something material caused the world, (3) something nonmaterial caused the world.
That’s where the earlier argument about matter being an effect comes in: by showing that matter must be an effect, using reason alone, we can exclude options 1 and 2. Therefore, something nonmaterial caused the world.
Let me know what you think of that argument.