Basically, what the original poster is saying is that he needs to consult a FAQ about prayer.
The old Baltimore Catechism is good at answering frequently asked questions!
cin.org/users/james/ebooks/master/baltimore/bpray00.htm
“On Prayer” explains basic prayer to God.
cin.org/users/james/ebooks/master/baltimore/bcomm01.htm#Lesson31
“On the Honor and Invocation of Saints” explains praying to saints, and how it is fundamentally different than praying to God.
(The previous chapter is all about the Commandment not to worship other gods. You might want to read that first.)
cin.org/users/james/ebooks/master/baltimore/bcomm01.htm
This isn’t all that could be said, by a long way. Also, sometimes the Baltimore Catechism explains things in an old-fashioned way, where a newer catechism would give different examples or lines of reasoning. But the Baltimore Catechism will give you a place to start.
You might also consult the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which has a whole long section on Christian Prayer. It’s written with adults in mind, so you’ll get more complexity and also more quotes from books and Bible verses you can look up.:
christusrex.org/www1/CDHN/part4.html
But here’s a point I want to make clear: God desires that you talk to Him and that you take time to listen to Him, also. God wants you to know Him and love Him, as well as serve Him; and the best way for you to come to know and love God is to spend time with God. It doesn’t really matter whether you address the whole Trinity, or one of the Persons, because all the Persons are One. Speak to Whoever you feel like speaking to, at the moment. We can ask Him for whatever we need, without being fearful that we’ll ask for an egg and be given a stone.
Here’s an answer to somebody else who wondered which person to pray to. (See, it’s not such an odd question! You’re not the only person to wonder about that.):
catholicireland.net/pages/index.php?nd=16&art=412
All the saints in Heaven, including Mary, are your brothers and sisters in Christ. You can talk to them whenever you want, and ask them to pray to you. There’s no need to be shy.
If you have reason to believe that your dead relatives, or friends, or any person you’ve ever heard of, died in the friendship of Christ and are in Purgatory, you can talk to them too, and ask them to pray for you as you pray for them. They are also your brothers and sisters. You can also pray to random souls in Purgatory whose names you don’t know. Mere names can’t separate you from them, because you are both living in Christ.
In short, since God is love, He expects us to spiritually socialize. By spending time with God, we become more in the image and likeness of God and more holy and loving. By spending time with our brothers and sisters, we become more connected to the Church throughout time and space, and anticipate eternal life.
I’m sorry I haven’t given you Bible verses. Maybe the next poster can help you? Or maybe you can look in the footnotes to the Catechism of the Catholic Church. (Sorry I didn’t do the work myself; I have to go eat breakfast now.)
And don’t be afraid of the Saints–they can intercede to God on your behalf.
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