If a robot actually had a real intellect, then my understanding is that it would have rights, because it is our intellect and will that makes us in the image of God.
The real issue is whether a robot Could have a manmade but real intellect. My understanding is that no merely physical construct can perform intellectual functions, because intelligence is not physical, it is spiritual. That is why our souls continue to have an intellect after we die and our bodies don’t.
If intelligence is nonphysical, it would then seem impossible for a merely physical robot to have intelligence. If you want evidence that intelligence is nonphysical, Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas both used logic to prove this. Here is my attempt to summarize the logical argument they used to prove that the mind is nonphysical:
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