I think that the main point would be to consider the Catholic view of what government is supposed to accomplish, which is to help people get to Heaven–yes, *that *is its task! The laws should not be so onerous as to make people rebel as they did against the Prohibition, nor so loose that people become licentious.
I disagree with you that the Church teaches the role of the State is to help people get to Heaven.
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia,
"The goal of the State is the temporal happiness of man, and its proximate purpose the preservation of external juridical order and the provision of a reasonable abundance of means of human development in the interests of its citizens and their posterity. Man himself however, as we have said, has a further goal of perfect happiness to be realized only after death, and consequently a proximate purpose to earn in this life his title to the same. "
Of course, “happiness,” understood in the Catholic Tradition, is understood as the state that results from conforming ones self to God’s Will. Understood this way, “happiness” cannot be achieved collectively, but rather is the result of an individual pursuit. Some would try to emphasize what they see as seemingly contradictory ramifications of this model for a society.
For example, say someone believes that a social endeavor reflects God’s Will- feeding the poor, for example. With the best of intentions this person decides that the best way to feed the poor is through a mandatory governmental intervention wherein the necessary funds are collected through taxation, and the poor are fed by paid government workers because it would feed the poor efficiently and quickly. As such, the person heading up this program might believe they are doing God’s Will through a collective pursuit of happiness visavis social programs.
However, government programs such as these are actually in conflict with God’s will because they separate individuals from the act of charity, which is itself a participation in God’s Will. God’s Will isn’t simply that people be fed- but rather the shared experience between two people who are connected through an experience of humility, empathy, and self-giving which can only happen when one person personally responds to the needs of another.
In fact, government programs destroy Charity because they remove the condition of freedom inherent in every act of Charity, and replace it with the compulsory act of taxation and redistribution. It also replaces the process of personal response and reception, which is the context for personal development and the primary focus and end of any charitable act, and replaces it with the material end of charity (i.e. feeding the poor), which is nothing more than a sign of the larger context of God’s Will.
Just one more example of how Socialism ultimately finds itself in conflict with the Church.