One of the wonderful things I have discovered about scripture study is the benefit I get from asking questions, just as you have asked.
It’s like my friend used to say, the suspense is driving me crazy, I hope it never ends.
If you persist in study of this scripture with prayer, you may begin to unlock the message of the agony of Christ.
First of all, there is a literary dilemma. If the three apostles were sleeping and Jesus was in agony, then who is the narrator and how did we get this part of the gospel story? Perhaps you have to assume that the apostles discussed everything with Jesus after HIs resurrection, before His ascension.
It’s the same literary dilemma of Genesis Chap One. If humanity was not created until the end of the chapter, then who is the narrator and how do they know what happened back then? Any human observer was not created or otherwise alive to witness what is being told.
Beyond this, we need to look at the Old Testament and see what is wrong with the apostles, for example. The tradition of the Jews was to stay awake that night of the Passover, because at the first Passover the Israelites were escaping from Egypt. So, when Jesus tells them to stay alert and so forth, He is not merely asking for their attention, He is reminding them of the Jewish Traditioin and what it signifies, the Passover – which is an enormously significant event in the Old Testament, and even in the entire modern Bible.
Jesus is in the “garden” which should make us think of the first garden, the garden of Eden. Jesus is the “new Adam” and He is confronting a decision, a choice that Adam and Eve faced in Eden. And, what was that? Well, one answer might involve what Adam and Eve’s sin was. God had made them in His image and likeness, with dominion over all creation, and “tending” the garden.
By submitting to the temptation of the serpent, they had abdicated and betrayed their glory of creation and their royal dominion over nature. The words for tending of the garden are the same Hebrew words used later to describe the actions of the Levitical priests in the Temple. So, Adam and Eve were royalty and priestly. And, they sinned against their calling.
Jesus, on the other hand, is challenged in the same way, to betray His royal and priestly mission, as Messiah. And, Jesus is facing His certain death with as much foreknowledge, presumably, that Adam and Eve had when they knew that if they ate of the tree of the knowldge of good and evil, that they too would surely die. So, there is a parallel in the matter of confronting death.
Of course, Jesus’ death is not the result of His sin, but of ours, and of the very sin of Adam and Eve.
So, the Agony in the Garden, reminds us of God’s entire salvation plan, especially of Jesus’ role to suffer and die.
There are many levels of understanding to the account of the agony, and this may be just one of them. I haven’t even talked about what Jesus said, for example.