We say that someone is cherry-picking when they pick and choose scripture verses to support their position while ignoring others that would not. But how is that different if the Church picks the books that will form the canon because they support the Church’s teaching but reject others that don’t? This is an argument someone recently thrown at me.
The clear evidence supports the fact that the writings of the early Church were products of the disciples (those who had minimally some direct experience) of Jesus or of the “elders” (those in the second generation of the Church who were close to the disciples and intimately familiar with their eyewitness testimony.)
What this means is that the body of tradition encompassed by the oral teaching and early writings (letters of Paul, Peter, James and the Gospels) all conformed to the teachings of Jesus. It was the determined and conscious effort by the leaders of the Church to retain the integrity of the Gospel message that lead to the selection criteria as more and more written accounts appeared.
The oral testimony had been firmly and clearly established by the first generation of disciples and their followers. This means the “message” was established and consciously preserved as an orally intact and understood testimony within the lifetime of the Apostles. The writings came from the oral tradition, which remained strong, and served as a means of “checking” the authenticity and accuracy of the written form for at least two generations (well within the time frame that all the canonical writings originated.)
Consistency with the Gospel message was not the principle characteristic for whether a work was considered part of the canon. It would be difficult to make a case that the Didache, for example, has issues regarding orthodoxy, but it was not included, though known.
The key characteristic, besides integrity to the teachings of the Apostles, was that the work had to have its direct origin in the person of, or community surrounding, one of the Apostles or, minimally, a person who knew them and their message intimately. The work itself would require the clear and authentic endorsement of the ‘witness,’ the community of that witness and the Church at large.
Richard Bauckham’s book called Jesus and the Eyewitnesses looks deeply into the concern of the early Church to reliably pass on the message of Jesus as it had been received and the methods by which reliability was achieved by ancient cultures, generally.
The idea that the Gospels resemble development of myth doesn’t have a leg to stand on when the actual historical incubation of the New Testament writings is seriously studied.