“Grace” is the translation of the Latin “gratia” which has a beatiful mixture of meanings including loveliness, gift, influence, favor, and gratitude. This is the term that St. Thomas used when writing about Grace in the Summa Theologica:
[note to protestant friends: notice in this passage how the theology flows from scripture and is not imposed on it; Catholic tradition is indeed biblical]
I answer: as the apostle says in
Rom. 13:1, “the powers that be are ordained of God.”Now the order of things is such that some things are led to God by means of others, as Dionysius says
Coel. Hier. 6, 7, 8). Hence grace, which is ordained to lead men to God, works in accordance with a certain order, in such a way that some men are led to God by means of other men. Grace is therefore twofold. There is grace through which a man is himself united to God, which is called sanctifying grace. There is also grace whereby one man co-operates with another to lead him to God. This latter gift is called “free grace,” since it is beyond the capacity of nature to give, and beyond the merit of him to whom it is given. But it is not called sanctifying grace, since it is not given in order that a man may himself be justified by it, but in order that he may co-operate towards the justification of another. It is of such grace that the apostle speaks in
I Cor. 12:7: “But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal,” that is, for the benefit of others.