When do catholics go 'too far' with Mary?

[PiousTemplar]

When do Catholics go too far with Mary? I know we are supposed to honour her, but often it seems that some Catholics look like their focus is more on Mary than it is on Jesus.

After Church today a friend told me that he disagrees with the amount of significance some Catholics give her (If that makes sense, I can’t find the right words to use). He said that often he sees people walk into a Church and the first thing they do is go to the statue of Mary, rather than to Jesus in the Tabernacle (However you spell it).

Sorry for any ignorance in this Post, I’m just trying to learn how much focus we are supposed to have on Mary compared to Jesus.

Thanks,

PiousTemplar

 

[LilyM]

Remember Jesus Himself, for 30 years of His life, probably ‘went first’ to Mary in His every problem and need. He loved and trusted her enough to do so - I’m sure He wouldn’t resent us doing the same.

Think of a child who is hurt and whose first instinct is to run to its mother. Does that mean the child loves its father less? It certainly didn’t for me, I deeply love both my parents.

It was just that the particular needs one has when one is hurting - for nurturing, reassurance, sympathy and comfort - are oftentimes best met by that child’s mother, who was its ONLY source of nurturance for the first nine months of its life and often has a special bond with the child for that reason.

Jesus knew that we needed a spiritual mother, which is why He gave Mary to John (and hence to us) to be the Mother of all who love Him. And He also knew that she had a need and instinct to fulfil that role too - after all, John already had a mother (as do I) but Mary had no other children than Jesus.

 

[PAboy57]

When do Catholics go too far with Mary? I know we are supposed to honour her, but often it seems that some Catholics look like their focus is more on Mary than it is on Jesus.

After Church today a friend told me that he disagrees with the amount of significance some Catholics give her (If that makes sense, I can’t find the right words to use). He said that often he sees people walk into a Church and the first thing they do is go to the statue of Mary, rather than to Jesus in the Tabernacle (However you spell it).

Sorry for any ignorance in this Post, I’m just trying to learn how much focus we are supposed to have on Mary compared to Jesus.

Thanks,

PiousTemplar

Dear Pious,

You are asking a very good and valid question. Jesus is God and we adore Him. Mary is His Mother and we honor her with great respect. Her mission is to lead us to Jesus. That is why so many pray the Rosary. Since she participated so much in the redemption of mankind she holds a special place in heaven after the Trinity. It is difficult to get into everything we need to know about our mother and queen but here is what Catholics believe about Mary. Hope this helps and I’m sure others will share their thoughts.

1. Mary is truly the Mother of God. (De fide.)
2. Mary was conceived without stain of Original sin. (De fide.)
3. From her conception Mary was free from all motions of concupiscence. (Sent. communis.)
4. In consequence of a Special Privilege of Grace from God, Mary was free from every personal sin during her whole life. (Sent. fidei proxima.) She was immune from all sin mortal and venial.
5. Mary was a Virgin before, during and after the Birth of Jesus Christ.
6. Mary conceived by the Holy Ghost without the co-operation of man. (De fide.)
7. Mary bore her Son without any violation of her virginal integrity. (De fide on the ground of the general promulgation of doctrine.)
8. Also after the Birth of Jesus Mary remained a Virgin. (De fide.)
9. Mary suffered a temporal death. (Sent. communior.)
10. Mary was assumed body and soul into Heaven. (De fide.)
    Mary’s Co-operation in the Work of the Redeemer
11. Mary gave the Redeemer, the Source of all graces, to the world, and in this way she is the channel of all graces. (Sent. certa.)
12. Since Mary’s Assumption into Heaven no grace is conferred on man without her actual intercessory co-operation. (Sent. pia et probabilis.)
13. Mary is the Mediatrix of all graces by her co-operation in the Incarnation. (Mediatio in universali.)
14. Mary is the Mediatrix of all graces by her intercession in Heaven. (Mediatio in speciali.)
15. Mary, the Mother of God, is entitled to the Cult of Hyperdulia. (Sent certa.)

 

[JRKH]

When do Catholics go too far with Mary? I know we are supposed to honour her, but often it seems that some Catholics look like their focus is more on Mary than it is on Jesus.

After Church today a friend told me that he disagrees with the amount of significance some Catholics give her (If that makes sense, I can’t find the right words to use). He said that often he sees people walk into a Church and the first thing they do is go to the statue of Mary, rather than to Jesus in the Tabernacle (However you spell it).

Sorry for any ignorance in this Post, I’m just trying to learn how much focus we are supposed to have on Mary compared to Jesus.

Thanks,

PiousTemplar

I agree that this is a good an very valid question.
Catholics go too far when they begin to give to Mary that honor which belongs soley to God.
However it is nearly impossible to say by any action or even word who has actually crossed the line so to speak. We simply cannot know what is in the heart of an individual.

Peace
James

 

[Tonitz]

With all due respect to believers, there is, to me, a historic, philosophical, and spiritual reason for this emphasis on Mary that falls within the parameters of a religious model that most Christians, or christianists, tend to ignore or are ignorant of.

This idea is based on the idea that religions have two major classifications that, as far as I can tell, most Christians seem to be unaware of. These classifications are “ascending” and “descending.” This idea is explicated in many critiques of religion as a phenomenon. Indeed they arise in Plato, Plotinus and others throughout history even to the present.

The ascending is roughly equatable to or associated with such terms as transcendent, eros, patristic, and agronomic, to name a few. Catholicism falls heavily at this end of the scale as a system, if you will, except for notable exceptions such as Aquinas, Avila, Echart, Francis, a few others, and arguably Jesus Himself. The collection of male oriented gods reflect this category.

The “descending” is roughly equatable with such ideas as immanence, Agape, extension, scientific, and the matriarchal. Mary, the Black Madonna, Isis, and Sumeranmis, and teh feminine Goddess is associated with this aspect of Divintiy.

This ascending and descending largely explains the contention between Catholicism and Eastern religions and Catholicism and science as a matter of framing, since these categories taken as polarities are opposed and exist in a dualism of perception.

Given the natural propensity of the human to frame its perceptions in terms of the individual mind’s natural predilections, the only avenue for acknowledgment of the Feminine aspect of Divinity which is an integral part of manifestation is Mary. She is not thought of that way, because there is not that language readily available in that faith, but functionally speaking from a larger perspective, one which is more acknowledging of the actual Nature of God, it is inevitable that those sensitive to the Creative aspect of God would honor “Her” first. That is just as natural for them as it is for those with a patristic bent to first honor the Father or Jesus.

 

[Okatana]

With all due respect to believers, there is, to me, a historic, philosophical, and spiritual reason for this emphasis on Mary that falls within the parameters of a religious model that most Christians, or christianists, tend to ignore or are ignorant of.

This proposal is based on the idea that religions have two major classifications that, as far as I can tell, most Christians seem to be unaware of. These classifications are “ascending” and “descending.” This idea is explicated in many critiques of religion as a phenomenon. Indeed they arise in Plato, Plotinus and others throughout history even to the present.

The ascending is roughly equatable to or associated with such terms as transcendent, eros, patristic, and agronomic, to name a few. Catholicism falls heavily at this end of the scale as a system, if you will, except for notable exceptions such as Aquinas, Avila, Echart, Francis, a few others, and arguably Jesus Himself. The collection of male oriented gods reflect this category.

The “descending” is roughly equatable with such ideas as immanence, Agape, extension, scientific, and the matriarchal. Mary, the Black Madonna, Isis, and Sumeranmis, and teh feminine Goddess is associated with this aspect of Divintiy.

This ascending and descending largely explains the contention between Catholicism and Eastern religions and Catholicism and science as a matter of framing, since these categories taken as polarities are opposed and exist in a dualism of perception.

Given the natural propensity of the human to frame its perceptions in terms of the individual mind’s natural predilections, the only avenue for acknowledgment of the Feminine aspect of Divinity which is an integral part of manifestation within the Catholic Cuurch is Mary. She is not thought of that way, because there is not that language readily available in that faith, but functionally speaking from a larger perspective, one which is more acknowledging of the actual Nature of God, it is inevitable that those sensitive to the Creative aspect of God would honor “Her” first. That is just as natural for them as it is for those with a patristic bent to first honor the Father or Jesus.

 

[pablope]

When do Catholics go too far with Mary? I know we are supposed to honour her, but often it seems that some Catholics look like their focus is more on Mary than it is on Jesus.

After Church today a friend told me that he disagrees with the amount of significance some Catholics give her (If that makes sense, I can’t find the right words to use). He said that often he sees people walk into a Church and the first thing they do is go to the statue of Mary, rather than to Jesus in the Tabernacle (However you spell it).

Sorry for any ignorance in this Post, I’m just trying to learn how much focus we are supposed to have on Mary compared to Jesus.

Thanks,

PiousTemplar

Hi Pious…there is really not set formula, if that is what you are asking. As you grow in the faith and learn more, you will get the sense of it what you need to do. There are those who just pray the rosary, there are some who go to novenas, some have special devotions, and the like. Oftentimes, it is practice learned form others, or inherited like a family tradition (mostly from our mothers for cradle catholics), or local tradition and belief. You may see something that you may observe to be extreme, but do not be alarmed, they are just specially pious and in no way dishonor Jesus.

Now, why the attention to Mary…i think it is because she is the Mother of Christ, and the closeness she has with Christ, and the miracles attributed to her, starting at the wedding at Cana, and the apparitions at Lourdes, Guadalupe and Fatima. A few months back, I found new respect and love for the BVM after reading The Rite by Matt Baglio, where I learned new things about her. But I will leave at that for now.

 

[PiousTemplar]

Thanks guys, interesting posts of answers to the question.

 

[Heliotropium]

With all due respect to believers, there is, to me, a historic, philosophical, and spiritual reason for this emphasis on Mary that falls within the parameters of a religious model that most Christians, or christianists, tend to ignore or are ignorant of.

This proposal is based on the idea that religions have two major classifications that, as far as I can tell, most Christians seem to be unaware of. These classifications are “ascending” and “descending.” This idea is explicated in many critiques of religion as a phenomenon. Indeed they arise in Plato, Plotinus and others throughout history even to the present.

The ascending is roughly equatable to or associated with such terms as transcendent, eros, patristic, and agronomic, to name a few. Catholicism falls heavily at this end of the scale as a system, if you will, except for notable exceptions such as Aquinas, Avila, Echart, Francis, a few others, and arguably Jesus Himself. The collection of male oriented gods reflect this category.

The “descending” is roughly equatable with such ideas as immanence, Agape, extension, scientific, and the matriarchal. Mary, the Black Madonna, Isis, and Sumeranmis, and teh feminine Goddess is associated with this aspect of Divintiy.

This ascending and descending largely explains the contention between Catholicism and Eastern religions and Catholicism and science as a matter of framing, since these categories taken as polarities are opposed and exist in a dualism of perception.

Given the natural propensity of the human to frame its perceptions in terms of the individual mind’s natural predilections, the only avenue for acknowledgment of the Feminine aspect of Divinity which is an integral part of manifestation within the Catholic Cuurch is Mary. She is not thought of that way, because there is not that language readily available in that faith, but functionally speaking from a larger perspective, one which is more acknowledging of the actual Nature of God, it is inevitable that those sensitive to the Creative aspect of God would honor “Her” first. That is just as natural for them as it is for those with a patristic bent to first honor the Father or Jesus.

Mary is neither thought of as a Goddess nor does she make up for the dualism between Male and Female Divinity as you put it. Mary is the new Eve! This is why she is so honored in the Catholic Church because she is the representative for mankind like how Adam and Eve were the representatives of mankind. Through Eves disobedience mankind fell and through Marys’ obedience and humility mankind would be saved. This is why she is called the Co-Redemptrix and why she is given the veneration that she is given.

Furthermore the God of us Christians/Catholics is not lacking anything in either the paternal or maternal qualities of Divinity as you put it. In fact in Scripture God is described in both a Paternal and Maternal way and so therefore leaves no basis for your assumption that Mary is given the characteristics of a famale Divinity to appeal to our maternal side.

Mary is just a creature but she is model of the highest perfection we creatures can ever hope to attain and so she is respected for her this level of perfection because it shows her love for the One and True God who lacks nothing in Divinity.

 

[Heliotropium]

The Catholic honor of Mary is like a person honoring a masterpiece of art. A masterpiece that even the artist claims is His greatest work, and has said that by you loving it as such He is therefore given great joy.

Yet everyone knows that the masterpiece does not contain anything that is lacking in the artist. How could it? If the artists was lacking in any quality that the masterpiece had how could the artist have drawn it? How can you give what you don’t have? Isn’t art an expression of the qualities and talents one holds and possess inside of them

Furthermore do you think an artist would be upset if you went to his gallery and instead of going right to the artist you went to their masterpiece and exclaimed and praised how beautiful their works are? Do you think the artist would be offended by this in the least bit or do you think it would make the artist happy that others love their masterpiece as much as they do?

Mary is one of Gods masterpieces and one that God has told us that if we love her and venerate her as such it will bring God great joy.

So Okatana I would apologize to God for offending Gods omnipotence, and then I would also want to apologize for offending the masterpiece God gave us and you.

 

[PAboy57]

With all due respect to believers, there is, to me, a historic, philosophical, and spiritual reason for this emphasis on Mary that falls within the parameters of a religious model that most Christians, or christianists, tend to ignore or are ignorant of.

Mary was chosen by God because of he burning love for Him. She consecrated herself to Him. She accepted to be the mother of God unconditionally. She played a dual role in the redemtion of man as her heart was tied to the heart of Jesus. Because of her human perfection and also being the mother of God she is uniquely connected to the Trinity. She is refuge for sinners and brings them closer to Jesus with every prayer. You do not offend God when you pray to your Mother and Queen. I find great comfort in the promises of the Rosary:

15 Promises For Saying The Rosary – From Our Blessed Mother

1. Whoever shall faithfully serve me by the recitation of the Rosary, shall receive powerful graces.
2. I promise my special protection and the greatest graces to all those who shall recite the Rosary.
3. The Rosary shall be a powerful armor against hell, it will destroy vice, decrease sin, and defeat heresies
4. It will cause virtue and good works to flourish; it will obtain for souls the abundant mercy of God; it will withdraw the hearts of people from the love of the world and its vanities, and will lift them to the desire of eternal things. Oh, that souls would sanctify themselves by this means.
5. The soul which recommends itself to me by the recitation of the Rosary, shall not perish.
6. Whoever shall recite the Rosary devoutly, applying himself to the consideration of its Sacred Mysteries shall never be conquered by misfortune. God will not chastise him in His justice, he shall not perish by an unprovided death; if he be just, he shall remain in the grace of God, and become worthy of eternal life.
7. Whoever shall have a true devotion for the Rosary shall not die without the Sacraments of the Church.
8. Those who are faithful to recite the Rosary shall have during their life and at their death the light of God and the plentitude of His graces; at the moment of death they shall participate in the merits of the Saints in Paradise.
9. I shall deliver from purgatory those who have been devoted to the Rosary.
10. The faithful children of the Rosary shall merit a high degree of glory in Heaven.
11. You shall obtain all you ask of me by the recitation of the Rosary.
12. All those who propagate the Holy Rosary shall be aided by me in their necessities.
13. I have obtained from my Divine Son that all the advocates of the Rosary shall have for intercessors the entire celestial court during their life and at the hour of death
14. All who recite the Rosary are my children, and brothers and sisters of my only Son, Jesus Christ.
15. Devotion of my Rosary is a great sign of predestination.

 

[Ranklyfrank]

I sort of left my devotion to Mary behind in grammar school. In high school Mary Help of Christians was honored, as it was a Salesian school. I always thought of her as a good Mother who was ideal but spiritual only. Being a guy, I guess I didn’t go far in that direction and was way more interested in “cool” guy Saints who did miracles or were brave. I especially liked St. Philip Neri because he was said to be very funny.

There was a woman in our parish who dressed in blue, wore heavy makeup and always, like seven days a week, prayed in the church to Mary. She died of anorexia. I always felt funny talking to her when I was cleaning the church or visiting. And all the nuns were “Sister Mary This or That.” All that was kind of creepy to me. And I never thought of the priests as Father after one of them tried to get in my pants and two others were shuffled off for similar reasons. And then there was high school…

I think it is great to have an ideal image of women and have great respect and devotion to one’s own woman, not to mention God and the idea of His Mother. And weird as it might be, I have learned a lot of that respect, much of it, after leaving the Church, from non-Catholic and even pagan ideas of ideal womanhood. So my take is kind of different. I think that Catholics don’t go far enough with Mary and might well look at her “sisters” as well. I know you all are going to think that’s crazy or disrespectful, but there are some extraordinary ideas in non Catholic cultures, whether we subscribe to that or like it or not. And since this is a philosophy thread, I would hope despite the sponsor’s faith it can be understood that there are many ways o devotion in the world, just as a phenomenon, whether they hold appeal for you or not

God made ALL women in His own image and likeness, as he did all men as well. Why would we be surprised that other people’s ways have extremely elevated takes of the Mother idea?

 

[You]

…
God made ALL women in His own image and likeness, as he did all men as well. Why would we be surprised that other people’s ways have extremely elevated takes of the Mother idea?

I have seen the fertility goddesses representations but they are not representations of ‘particular’ people they are nature spirits, like the spirits of bountiful harvests, fertile and productive livestock and general full and plenty, judging from the size and shape of some of these goddesses.
Mary is different to a harvest and plenty goddess, she is first a particular real woman and she is also different to every other woman. Catholics echo the angelic messengers greeting “Hail, full of Grace, the Lord is with thee”

continuing on the story;
And it came to pass, that when Elizabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the infant leaped in her womb. And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost: [42] And she cried out with a loud voice, and said: Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. [43] And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? [44] For behold as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy. [45] And blessed art thou that hast believed, because those things shall be accomplished that were spoken to thee by the Lord.

[46] And Mary said: My soul doth magnify the Lord. [47] And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. [48] Because he hath regarded the humility of his handmaid; for behold from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. [49] Because he that is mighty, hath done great things to me; and holy is his name. [50] And his mercy is from generation unto generations, to them that fear him.

So Mary, as a particular person, is not ‘just another person in the image of God’, she is also every thing the angel said and also everything the Holy Spirit inspired Elizabeth to say.

 

[GloriousOrder]

Everyone speaks of our recourse to Mary in terms of Jesus’ presumed childhood recourse to Mary in times of pain or worry. Really, there doesn’t seem to be any Biblical passage to suggest this. The one childhood narrative we have of Christ shows Him, at age 12, quite wise and serious already. His poor mother found Him in the Temple, practically teaching the teachers. When she scolded Him, He solemnly declared that He was doing His Father’s work. Did she teach Him this? If she had, she’d have known He was doing His Father’s work as a matter of course.

It’s the divinity of Christ that made Him grow in wisdom. I don’t understand the focus on Christ’s manhood in terms of growing up and learning. He’s God, and knows all things, even as a toddler. This transcendence of normal childhood ignorance seems more important than emphasising His weak humanity. Mary is important insofar as a pure virgin was needed for the birth of God. She has remarkably little to say in the history of the Gospel, excepting Cana.

I think Catholics go too far with Mary, at times, when they bring up ideas of “Mediatrix of all Graces”, as if Jesus was not our one mediator. “Mediatrix” means “female mediator”, doesn’t it? When this is declared a solemn doctrine/dogma, of course, the real problems will begin; however, it is thankfully just a fancy of theologians. Little by little, we will learn. Heavenly realities are so much more than we can grasp.

 

[Dave_B]

When do Catholics go too far with Mary? I know we are supposed to honour her, but often it seems that some Catholics look like their focus is more on Mary than it is on Jesus…

I agree totally. As a non-Catholic I cant get my head around it.

If a third of Catholics were devout, Mary must be receiving 1/3billion x 54 prayers per day (53 HM + 1 HHQ) = 18 billion prayers per day.

Seriously how does she listen and act on all these billions of prayers?

 

[Dave_B]

cont/ Or to put it another way, if there are 86,400 seconds in a day (24x60x60), and Mary received 18 billion prayers a day, this would equate to Mary listening to AND acting on?208,333 prayers a second.

 

[Dave_B]

I see your point. Thanks.

 

[PAboy57]

cont/ Or to put it another way, if there are 86,400 seconds in a day (24x60x60), and Mary received 18 billion prayers a day, this would equate to Mary listening to AND acting on?208,333 prayers a second.

Hi Dave,

Over here in Roman Catholic land we hold Mary in very high regard. Hand picked from all eternity by God the Father to be the mother of His Son is pretty special. Jesus also had something to say about it. Not to mention her Immaculet Conception, Concecrated Virginity, Saying Yes to the biggest question ever asked a woman in all history, The Annunciation and a virgin birth to mention a few qualities. The Church honors her with multiple days, more than any other human. She is the model for all humans.

Let’s add she is the spouse of the Holy Spirit from a divine prespective as well as St. Joseph in our earthly lives. She and Joseph had to figure out how to raise the Son of God, find a place to birth Him, hide in Egypt and then she shared deeply in every other aspect of His life and Passion for all mankind. Her heart was tied closely to Jesus from the moment of conception. Her sorrow was more than we would care to experience.

Speaking plainly – what Mary wants, Mary gets from her love and closeness to the Trinity and her Son. She has spent the past 2,000 years in Heaven with a divine mind and body so she is capable of hearing multiple prayer requests to an equivalent that we cannot imagine. I’d say she has a pretty good head on her shoulders to boot. So you can know more about what she wants to do for you, here is her promises when you take 25 minutes a day and pray a Rosary to her. Also included is Church Dogma regarding our Mother and Queen of Heaven and Earth. You may want to think about her because she certainly thinks about you since she is the refuge for sinners. God Bless you.

15 Promises For Saying The Rosary – From Our Blessed Mother

1. Whoever shall faithfully serve me by the recitation of the Rosary, shall receive powerful graces.
2. I promise my special protection and the greatest graces to all those who shall recite the Rosary.
3. The Rosary shall be a powerful armor against hell, it will destroy vice, decrease sin, and defeat heresies
4. It will cause virtue and good works to flourish; it will obtain for souls the abundant mercy of God; it will withdraw the hearts of people from the love of the world and its vanities, and will lift them to the desire of eternal things. Oh, that souls would sanctify themselves by this means.
5. The soul which recommends itself to me by the recitation of the Rosary, shall not perish.
6. Whoever shall recite the Rosary devoutly, applying himself to the consideration of its Sacred Mysteries shall never be conquered by misfortune. God will not chastise him in His justice, he shall not perish by an unprovided death; if he be just, he shall remain in the grace of God, and become worthy of eternal life.
7. Whoever shall have a true devotion for the Rosary shall not die without the Sacraments of the Church.
8. Those who are faithful to recite the Rosary shall have during their life and at their death the light of God and the plentitude of His graces; at the moment of death they shall participate in the merits of the Saints in Paradise.
9. I shall deliver from purgatory those who have been devoted to the Rosary.
10. The faithful children of the Rosary shall merit a high degree of glory in Heaven.
11. You shall obtain all you ask of me by the recitation of the Rosary.
12. All those who propagate the Holy Rosary shall be aided by me in their necessities.
13. I have obtained from my Divine Son that all the advocates of the Rosary shall have for intercessors the entire celestial court during their life and at the hour of death
14. All who recite the Rosary are my children, and brothers and sisters of my only Son, Jesus Christ.
15. Devotion of my Rosary is a great sign of predestination.

The Mother of the Redeemer Dogma

Mary’s Motherhood of God

1. Mary is truly the Mother of God. (De fide.)

The Privileges of the Mother of God

1. Mary was conceived without stain of Original sin. (De fide.)
2. From her conception Mary was free from all motions of concupiscence. (Sent. communis.)
3. In consequence of a Special Privilege of Grace from God, Mary was free from every personal sin during her whole life. (Sent. fidei proxima.) She was immune from all sin mortal and venial.
4. Mary was a Virgin before, during and after the Birth of Jesus Christ.
5. Mary conceived by the Holy Ghost without the co-operation of man. (De fide.)
6. Mary bore her Son without any violation of her virginal integrity. (De fide on the ground of the general promulgation of doctrine.)
7. Also after the Birth of Jesus Mary remained a Virgin. (De fide.)
8. Mary suffered a temporal death. (Sent. communior.)
9. Mary was assumed body and soul into Heaven. (De fide.)

Mary’s Co-operation in the Work of the Redeemer

1. Mary gave the Redeemer, the Source of all graces, to the world, and in this way she is the channel of all graces. (Sent. certa.)
2. Since Mary’s Assumption into Heaven no grace is conferred on man without her actual intercessory co-operation. (Sent. pia et probabilis.)
3. Mary is the Mediatrix of all graces by her co-operation in the Incarnation. (Mediatio in universali.)
4. Mary is the Mediatrix of all graces by her intercession in Heaven. (Mediatio in speciali.)
5. Mary, the Mother of God, is entitled to the Cult of Hyperdulia. (Sent certa.)