A
adawgj
Guest
Who ordains a priest to become a bishop?
Is it the pope, archbishop, cardinal?
Is it the pope, archbishop, cardinal?
- Status
B
bilop
Guest
Another bishop. Usually multiple bishops.
The bishop is the fullness of the priesthood. A cardinal, or even the Pope, doesn’t have any additional sacramental abilities.
God Bless
1
1ke
Guest
A man is ordained a deacon and then a priest by a bishop.
A priest elevated to bishop receives episcopal consecration from another bishop:
Can.* 1012 The minister of sacred ordination is a consecrated bishop.
Can.* 1013 No bishop is permitted to consecrate anyone a bishop unless it is first evident that there is a pontifical mandate.
Can.* 1014 Unless the Apostolic See has granted a dispensation, the principal bishop consecrator in an episcopal consecration is to be joined by at least two consecrating bishops; it is especially appropriate, however, that all the bishops present consecrate the elect together with the bishops mentioned.
A priest elevated to bishop receives episcopal consecration from another bishop:
Can.* 1012 The minister of sacred ordination is a consecrated bishop.
Can.* 1013 No bishop is permitted to consecrate anyone a bishop unless it is first evident that there is a pontifical mandate.
Can.* 1014 Unless the Apostolic See has granted a dispensation, the principal bishop consecrator in an episcopal consecration is to be joined by at least two consecrating bishops; it is especially appropriate, however, that all the bishops present consecrate the elect together with the bishops mentioned.
A
adawgj
Guest
Thank you guys because in our diocese we have a new bishop.
E
Elizium23
Guest
Canon 1014 is an important codification of an ancient tradition of co-consecrators. This is primarily to ensure valid unbroken apostolic succession. If one or two of the consecrators is later found to have invalid Orders, then there is at least one who was a true bishop and succession is not broken. It is by this custom that we can be extremely confident today that succession has never, ever been broken even in the days of heresy and rampant persecution.
B
bben15
Guest
Like everyone else said, a bishop consecrates another bishop. Your diocesan bishop has the same ability to consecrate another bishop as the Pope does. They are both bishops.
What Elizium23 said is important. There are always multiple consecrators to ensure the one being consecrated will be a valid bishop. The reason is it could later be discovered that one of the bishops is, for some reason, not a valid bishop. This could be because they were baptized using incorrect form; the bishop at their priestly ordination, for some reason, decided to change up the prayer of consecration, which would make the ordination invalid; etc.
Like it was mentioned, it isn’t always required that there be co-consecrators. The Pope could grant a dispensation for there to just be one consecrator. It is hard to get two other bishops in remote missionary areas.
Another fun fact: A papal mandate is required in order for an episcopal consecration to take place (unless it is a dire situation), but it isn’t required for validity. A bishop can validly consecrate another bishop without authorization.
What Elizium23 said is important. There are always multiple consecrators to ensure the one being consecrated will be a valid bishop. The reason is it could later be discovered that one of the bishops is, for some reason, not a valid bishop. This could be because they were baptized using incorrect form; the bishop at their priestly ordination, for some reason, decided to change up the prayer of consecration, which would make the ordination invalid; etc.
Like it was mentioned, it isn’t always required that there be co-consecrators. The Pope could grant a dispensation for there to just be one consecrator. It is hard to get two other bishops in remote missionary areas.
Another fun fact: A papal mandate is required in order for an episcopal consecration to take place (unless it is a dire situation), but it isn’t required for validity. A bishop can validly consecrate another bishop without authorization.
U
Usige
Guest
A related fact is that any bishop doing so is automatically excommunicated along with the bishop(s) that they consecrated (canon 1382). So yes they can validly consecrate another bishop without pontifical mandate, but once they do so both they and the new bishop can no longer serve in public ministry unless the Pope himself lifts they excommunication.
C
Cristiano
Guest
I do not believe that the excommunication is automatic. I understand that there have been cases in some eastern countries where the decision of a bishop to consecreate another bishop becasue of the persecutorial climate was later confirmed by the pope. However, consecration against the direct instructions of a pope is a different story.
B
bben15
Guest
What Cristiano said is correct. A good example would be China. In China, the Catholic Church a.k.a. “the underground church,” at times did not have contact with the Pope. If they did not consecrate new bishops, then the underground church would have died. There was a threat that the bishops would be martyred or arrested, and the underground church would diminish. The bishops did not incur automatic excommunication because they had no intention with breaking with the Holy See, rather, they wanted to keep the church in union with the Pope alive.
U
Usige
Guest
There is no requirement that a bishop is trying to break with Rome to incur excommunication. Canon 1382 is fairly clear:
Latae sententiae (sentence already passed) penalties are applied immediately upon the commission of the act. Canon 1324§1, 5° does provide an exception for a person under grave fear or by reason of necessity to not be bound by latae sententiae penalties. That being said that is an exception, not the norm. The norm is that any bishop conferring episcopal consecration without a pontifical mandate incurs automatic excommunication unless there were extenuating circumstances.
In the case of some of the recent consecrations in China (thinking 2011) either the consecration was approved beforehand or the newly consecrated bishop was immediately excommunicated (link). In most cases when the people of China have elected a bishop that priest has applied to the Holy See before hand to receive approval. In the case of the excommunicated bishop the Holy See also said the co-consecrating bishops needed to provide an account of extenuating circumstances or they too would face excommunication.
Yes it is possible for an ordination to be done under extreme circumstances but that is an exception, not the general rule.
B
bben15
Guest
Maybe I should rephrase that: They did not incur excommunication because they had no intention of showing disobedience to Rome.
N
Nestor_kea
Guest
I don’t know the exact number of canon in CCEO by heart but approval for consecrating a new bishop (I mean under normal and not extreme circumstances) is patriarchal (or catholicatical) business, not papal one. In patriarchal and major archiepiscopal Catholic churches they decide and approve their knew bishops within their own teritories. They consult the Holy See only in diaspora. Of course, the Pope can veto decision of patriarchal / MAE churches but normally he is not included in this process.
The Pope exercises this via offices of Holy See in his own patriarchal church (Latin or maybe Western Church) but in other patriarchal / MAE churches this is job of these churches where it is under jurisdiction of their Holy Synods.
The Pope exercises this via offices of Holy See in his own patriarchal church (Latin or maybe Western Church) but in other patriarchal / MAE churches this is job of these churches where it is under jurisdiction of their Holy Synods.
- Status