This story is the meditation for the fifth Joyful Mystery of the Rosary.
While praying it, I like to think of a few things:
Mother Mary “kept all these things in her heart.” Being our Lord’s first disciple, he later acknowledged her as a model for us of one who heard his word and kept it.
“And he went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them”
Though one with God the Father, Jesus was truly man, and modelled the great virtue of obedience for us.
Verse 52, which you did not quote, follows “And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.”
Jesus, though God, the second person of the Trinity, modelled for us the virtue of humility, in being subject to his parents Joseph and Mary, learning from them the scriptures, a trade, and how to relate to friends, neighbours and relatives.
This last verse contrasts with Jesus’ later announcement of the fulfillment of the kingdom of God. Here we see a boy asking remarkable questions. Later as a grown man, he announces the arrival of what all generations have longed for.