I thought that according to canon x from the Council of Ancyra in Galatia in 314 AD that if a priest were to protest that a celibate life was above his strength, he could marry with the permission of the bishop.,
Canon 10 from the Council of Ancyra was written specifically for deacons not priests. However that is still a very good question
sidbrown because deacons and priests at that time were both considered higher clerics and therefore deacons would also be held to the clerical discipline that if you were a single man at the time of your ordination you could not then marry after you were ordained.
Between 12 and 18 bishops from Asia Minor and Syria attended the Council of Ancyra (314) which today is Ankara. I believe the translation of Canon 10 you are referring to read thus:
“Those who are promoted to deacons, if, at the time of their promotion, they protested and said that they had to marry and could not live in this way and then married later, can remain in the ministry because the bishop permitted them to do so. But those who have kept silence and were admitted to ordination ( on the condition) that they persevere in this state (of celibacy), if they marry subsequently, they will be deprived of ( the functions of) the diaconate.”
Christian Cochini, S.J. (
The Apostolic Origins Of Priestly Celibacy) spends a great deal of time and references on this. In one of his footnotes it tells us that the canons of the Council of Ancyra are known principally through the Greek texts and through three Latin translations. The one presented above is the translation of Denys the Minor. This is an important point to Cochini because he then presents another Latin translation from a Martin of Duma archbishop of Braga who sent to his colleague Nitigisius of Lugo his Latin translation of 84 Greek canons which included canon 10 that we are discussing. It reads thus:
" If someone is chosen for the ministry of the diaconate but does raise a protest beforehand ( to claim the right of ) taking a wife, declaring that he cannot persevere in chastity, let him not be ordained. If at the time of ordination he kept silent and was (actually) ordained and later seeks to marry, let him be rejected from the ministry and eliminated from the clergy."
Cochini also makes this statement about the Denys the Minor translation: " At first sight this text contrasts sharply with the 3rd canon of the Council of Elvira, the 29th canon of the 1st Council of Arles, the Carthaginian synods-in other words, it contrasts with the Western Laws". I again would encourage you to read his book as there is much more in there about this Council.
I would also encourage you read the other book I recommended by Roman Cholij (* Clerical Celibacy In East And West* )in regard to the Council of Ancyra. Cholij was ordained to the priesthood for the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainian Catholics. He is of the Byzantine and Eastern Rite. The Council of Ancyra would today be considered an Eastern Rite Church although at that time (314) the Church was one. Cholij makes mention that even if it were the exception to the general law it was abrogated by different Councils of the Eastern Rite that he lists and that the Byzantine Church of the first 7 centuries never made mention of any such possible concession.
sidbrown thanks for a very good question. I hope this was of some help.