A closer look at the first way

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Candide

My question here is to see if anyone can take the first way any further than Aquinas did (ie beyond “something happened first”).*

Isaac Newton did. But it appears you don’t give a fig for Newton. 😃 Post # 6.
 
Charlemagne II
Re: A closer look at the first way
Candide
How would you define “person”? Someone with intelligence and will power?
I’ve said this several times, by the word “personal” I simply mean an entity which might refer to itself as “I”. This seems like a simple use of the term to make it as open as possible.*
 
First way disproves multiple movers, don’t know where that came from.*
Not that I’ve ever heard. It disproves multiple first movers in a sequence, but since you are talking about a timeless existence anyway there seems to be no reason why you couldn’t have multiple, timeless Prime Movers.
And it would be “is” personal, not “was” because the first way never speaks of temporality, argument works either way, as a before and after, only concerned with “here and now.”
I remain to be convinced on this one, we can take that as the next point to be demonstrated if you like. But let’s focus on the “personal” bit for now.*
And define “sentient” so we can avoid misunderstandings.*
I mean an entity which is aware of its own existence. In other words something which might call itself “I”.*
Also, do you want me to demonstrate it strictly with the first way, can be done, or may I employ the fifth way?
You can use whatever means you like. But you must (as with any philosophical discussion) support any assertions you make. Its worth noting that if you start to call upon others of Aquinas’s “ways” then you’ll also need to support that they refer to a single entity. In other words you’d need to support logically that the “greatest conceivable being” MUST be the Prime Mover, and not just assert that this is so. That is quite a prodigious challenge if you choose to follow that route, but as I said I’m happy for you to use whatever method to proceed that you prefer.*
 
Candide

My question here is to see if anyone can take the first way any further than Aquinas did (ie beyond “something happened first”).*

Isaac Newton did. But it appears you don’t give a fig for Newton. 😃 Post # 6.
No he didn’t, he just stated his religious belief. Fair enough, that was his belief, clearly I (and many other people) do not share it. None of this has anything to do with whether Aquinas’s first way can take you any further than “something happened first”.
 
Candide

**No he didn’t, he just stated his religious belief. Fair enough, that was his belief, clearly I (and many other people) do not share it. **

Not really. Newton didn’t make this statement as a result of reading the bible or hearing a sermon or thinking about fairies in the sky. He made it after studying the laws of the universe, which helped him to conclude that the laws appeared to be designed by a Being of great power and intellect (because, after all, it took a being of great intellect … Newton himself … to understand them).

If intellect is not at least part of the definition of a personal God, what is it a definition of? An impersonal God? A Thing?

I’ll ask you again. What would be in your mind the definition of a personal God, if such a being could exist? Because if all you are going to say is “That’s just your belief” then about all anyone can say in return is, “Well, that just your belief too, for which you have no proof whatever that there is no God, personal or otherwise.”

I thought at one point you had conceded the possibility of a Prime Mover. The only way you can describe the Prime Mover other than as a Prime Mover, is to judge the actions of the things this Prime Mover has produced. If the Prime Mover has produced thinking and feeling beings, are those thinking and feeling beings in possession of traits denied to the Prime Mover, traits the Prime Mover could not have intended to exist in creation because the Prime Mover has no power of self-consciousness?

Again, you could not say it has no such power unless you had proof of same. Which you obviously don’t. So why do you need to decry the personhood of God when all of Creation groans to reflect that it is made in the image and likeness of the Prime Mover?

“This most beautiful system [the universe] could only proceed from the dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being.” Isaac Newton
 
  1. Change occurs
  2. Nothing can change itself
  3. Whatever causes change must itself be either changing or be an unchanged changer
  4. An infinite series of changers is impossible
  5. Therefore there must exist an unchanged changer (a being of pure actuality)
(5) cannot be deduced from the premises. i.e., it’s invalid.

Here’s an oddity: If nothing can change itself, and there is no infinite series of changers, then how could the unchanged changer perform its first action? No changer could have caused it to, and it could not have caused itself to. So, its first action must have been entirely random. i.e., irrational.
 
Candide

Not really. Newton didn’t make this statement as a result of reading the bible or hearing a sermon or thinking about fairies in the sky. He made it after studying the laws of the universe, which helped him to conclude that the laws appeared to be designed by a Being of great power and intellect (because, after all, it took a being of great intellect … Newton himself … to understand them).
Right, that was a common religious belief at the time. It was also a common religious belief that the only way that life could have reached its current state was divine creation ex nihilo. We now know about evolution, so few people now believe in a divine being zapping everything into existence.*

Again, this is wildly off topic, if you really want to talk about Isaac Newtons religious beliefs then please start a thread to do so. I’m not going to respond to any further points about his beliefs, I’m on this thread to discuss Aquinas’s first way.*
If intellect is not at least part of the definition of a personal God, what is it a definition of? An impersonal God? A Thing?
I’ve already provided you with an explanation of the term “personal” perhaps if you could tell me which part you are finding difficult to understand then I’ll be able to help you.
I’ll ask you again. What would be in your mind the definition of a personal God, if such a being could exist? Because if all you are going to say is “That’s just your belief” then about all anyone can say in return is, “Well, that just your belief too, for which you have no proof whatever that there is no God, personal or otherwise.”
I have no idea what you are talking about here I’m afraid. I’ve asked the OP if he / she can get from the point where Aquinas’s first way leaves off - “something happened first” - to get to the point of. “that something should be regarded as a personal being”. Nothing in the above paragraph has anything to do with this question, or as far as I can tell anything else on this thread.*
I thought at one point you had conceded the possibility of a Prime Mover. The only way you can describe the Prime Mover other than as a Prime Mover, is to judge the actions of the things this Prime Mover has produced. If the Prime Mover has produced thinking and feeling beings, are those thinking and feeling beings in possession of traits denied to the Prime Mover, traits the Prime Mover could not have intended to exist in creation because the Prime Mover has no power of self-consciousness?
I am starting from the assumption of a Prime Mover for the sake of argument (in other words the point which Aquinas’s first way leaves off) I feel I’ve been very clear on this point. Everything else here is off topic.
Again, you could not say it has no such power unless you had proof of same. Which you obviously don’t. So why do you need to decry the personhood of God when all of Creation groans to reflect that it is made in the image and likeness of the Prime Mover?
And again off topic.
 
Candide

We now know about evolution, so few people now believe in a divine being zapping everything into existence.

This is wildly off topic.

I guess you don’t want to define a personal being as you would expect a personal being to be … that is, in possession of intellect.

Aquinas’ fifth argument goes on to make that point. I only cited Newton because he agreed with the reasonability of Aquinas seeing God as designer of the universe.

Evolution is not an explanation of anything except a process. It does not explain why the process exists. Nor can any atheist explain why the process exists. But philosophy and theology can.

Case closed. 🤷
 
Candide

This is wildly off topic.
Exactly the point I keep making, why not keep to topic eh?
I guess you don’t want to define a personal being as you would expect a personal being to be … that is, in possession of intellect.*
Again, if you are having a hard time understanding the term “personal” then please tell me which bit you are struggling with and I’ll endeavour to explain. Otherwise please keep to topic.
Aquinas’ fifth argument goes on to make that point. I only cited Newton because he agreed with the reasonability of Aquinas seeing God as designer of the universe.
Off topic again.
Evolution is not an explanation of anything except a process. It does not explain why the process exists. Nor can any atheist explain why the process exists. But philosophy and theology can.
Case closed. 🤷
And again off topic.*
 
Candide
**
Again, if you are having a hard time understanding the term “personal” then please tell me which bit you are struggling with and I’ll endeavour to explain. Otherwise please keep to topic.**

O.K. Bye-bye! :sad_bye:
 
Ok, for clarity I am using the term connotations to mean something like “additional meanings”. And of course the term God has huge piles of connotations.
Candide:

I know what “connotations” means, and you are using it incorrectly. We are defining “God” precisely, or at least as precisely as humanly possible.
Even if we just look at the catholic use of the term (obviously a tiny subset) then implied meanings include - omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent, omnipresent, personal and creator - and that’s just for a starter. All of those are in addition to the Prime Mover which is demonstrated by the first way. So yes, clearly the term “God” DOES have huge piles of additional connotations.
These are not “connotations.” They are understood as determinants from a precise encyclopedic definition of all that “God” is, just as a “horse” is much more that just an “animal.” More appropriately, they denote God. “House,” for example, is fairly strictly defined. But, “home” is not without its connotations - that normally have little or nothing to do with what it means to be a “house,” such as, the living room, the roof, the garage, the bedrooms, the kitchen, etc., etc. If someone wanted to sell you a “house” you would properly ask what it consisted of? You would also probably ask of what material is it constructed? Yet, we know what a “house” is. The initial room of God-as-house, we understand as Omnipotence. The second room, as Omniscience. Etc., etc. None of these is a per se connotation. They are precise determinants, a.k.a, attributes. The house has these as well. The living room is xx ft. by xx ft. The garage is a 2 and a half car garage. etc.
Yes, it’s a two word contraction which adequately represents what the first way demonstrates. Hence a sensible term to use. I’ve already explained why I don’t want to just rename the PM as “God” - because of all the additional connotations that word carries.
Do you really think that “Prime Mover” does not implicitly mean “God?” Really?

As I said above, it is incomplete as a definition. “Prime Mover” is but a part of the full, or, complete definition, unless, of course, if one closely explores what “Prime Mover” means! No one in their right mind would define “horse” as merely an “animal.” Nor even a “four legged animal.” And no one in their right mind would define “God” as consisting of a singular determinant. The Catholic Church, since it was the first church, had the innate task of defining that in which it believed, “God.” And it did. But, as you know, the original definition does not necessarily satisfy the nit-picky amongst us. 😉

Soon, some people were asking, “What is this?” and “What is that?” So, the Church Fathers going back to the basics - the books of the Bible - found the answers. In those books were found all of the requisite pointers to everything we understand about God, leaving a few things as mystery. In any event, the Catholic understands “God” by His full definition, unless they are nit-picky too. In fact, most other Christian religionists appear to as well.
Ok, so atheists and theists alike can agree that the first way shows the existence of a PM.
I think so. Provided they actually use their heads for more than a hair and skin farm.
In other words we can all agree “something happened first”.
No. That “first happening” would be, in our cosmology, the Big Bang. But, as we are very sure, it only occurred a finite time ago. It was (and still is) dependent upon a sustaining “mover” Being (including, per definitionem, every single one of His known attributes), that We Christians call God; but, you’d prefer to define a “horse” as nothing but “animal.” Don’t you see this?
Because the appellation is inappropriate. I could equally well replace the last word in Aquinas’s proof with “Fairies” and claim that I have proven fairies exist.
Yes you could! (Did you expect that?) It would be rather irreverent, as far as we’re concerned, and since that word has its own meaning, but certainly any appellation could have been chosen. By way of proof: take a look at all of the names that humans used for Him in the Old Testament. Then, look at all the terms used for Him nowadays. Everyone (except you, I guess) understands what and who is meant by the name, God. It is irrelevant whether or not a person knows, or understands all of the determinants. You are being argumentative.
You seem to be trying bend the term to reach your objective of “God” obviously though the further you go from “something happened first” the less accurate your terminology becomes.
It is well known that when someone cries “thief” too often, it is usually because they are a thief. :confused:
There is no need for an infinitive there. It’s perfectly acceptable to say (for example) “something happened”.
Except that it is devoid of any practical meaning. It is not only not useful, but also, it tells us nothing. One might just as easily have said, in the absence of any context at all, “something is.” Besides, in the absence of a to infinitive, there is presumed to be an object (or, objects). As you state it, it has the look of an amateurish attempt at depth, with a tint of mystery - something that we often hear from some Buddhists.

continued . . .
 
continuation . . .
??? Why do you say that? I don’t particularly believe anything about the PM. As far as I can tell Aquinas’s first way tells us nothing whatsoever about WHAT happened first, only that something did happen first.
I’ll go over this one more time. Physics tells us “that something happened first.” It then goes further and attempts to tell us what “happened.” The First Way does not tell us that “something happened first,” in any way, shape, or form. :banghead: It confirms what we know from experience, precisely because we’re all here! (Although, I’m starting to wonder! :confused: )

St. Thomas tells us that in any series of subordinated motion, there is an ultimate first (and “sustaining”) mover, and that “mover” is the first mover of all such series of motion. Now, pay attention to what I’m about to tell you: St. Thomas tells us (1) there was a Mover; (2) that that Mover is still Moving (everything); and (3) that that Mover has to be a “first” Mover precisely because there was no other antecedent mover whatsoever.
My question here is to see if anyone can take the first way any further than Aquinas did (ie beyond “something happened first”).
Are you of Buddhist background? Knowledge of this would make life a little easier.
? Sorry you’ve lost me there. No idea what you mean.
I’ll get back to you on it. 👍

God bless,
jd
 
(5) cannot be deduced from the premises. i.e., it’s invalid.
Perplexed:

What! Are you - no, I won’t go there! It is absolutely valid! Your naked assertion is merely your own personal whim.
Here’s an oddity: If nothing can change itself, and there is no infinite series of changers, then how could the unchanged changer perform its first action? No changer could have caused it to, and it could not have caused itself to. So, its first action must have been entirely random. i.e., irrational.
This has been discussed in these fora ad nauseum. Were you sleeping? Or, are you asking this to cause us to participate in some sort of exploration of redundancy?

God bless, Perplexed,
jd
 
Perplexed:

What! Are you - no, I won’t go there! It is absolutely valid! Your naked assertion is merely your own personal whim.
Perhaps unbeknownst to you, this is practically equivalent to saying 2+2=5 😛 What do you think logical validity is?
This has been discussed in these fora ad nauseum. Were you sleeping? Or, are you asking this to cause us to participate in some sort of exploration of redundancy?
God bless, Perplexed,
jd
I haven’t seen this addressed on this thread, much less ad nauseeum. Maybe you mean it’s been discussed on the forums before. But, of course, by this reasoning almost no threads should start since their topics have already been discussed 😛 I suspect this was more of a rhetorical attempt to undermine my point.
 
Hi Perplexity,
Here’s an oddity: If nothing can change itself, and there is no infinite series of changers, then how could the unchanged changer perform its first action? No changer could have caused it to, and it could not have caused itself to. So, its first action must have been entirely random. i.e., irrational.
Just remember I was using the word “change” as a substitute for “the reduction of potentiality to actuality”. So (2) should be read as “nothing can reduce itself from potentiality to actuality”. The unchanged changer is pure actuality, and therefore (2) does not apply to It. The point of the argument is to show that change (i.e. reduction of potentiality to actuality) is impossible unless there is a being of pure actuality. Your comments above seem to assume that in order for the Being of Pure Act to reduce things from potentiality to actuality, it must have some potential, but that is just begging the question against the argument.
 
Hi Perplexity,

Just remember I was using the word “change” as a substitute for “the reduction of potentiality to actuality”. So (2) should be read as “nothing can reduce itself from potentiality to actuality”. The unchanged changer is pure actuality, and therefore (2) does not apply to It. The point of the argument is to show that change (i.e. reduction of potentiality to actuality) is impossible unless there is a being of pure actuality. Your comments above seem to assume that in order for the Being of Pure Act to reduce things from potentiality to actuality, it must have some potential, but that is just begging the question against the argument.
Thomists distinguish between active and passive potency. They concede that god has the former but say god can’t possibly have the latter. See, if pure act has no potency whatsoever, then it can’t cause anything, since you need to have the potential to cause something in order to actually cause it.

But, I don’t think the Thomists go far enough. It strikes me as incoherent (as it does other such as William Lane Craig) that something can have the active potency to cause X without having the passive potency to be the cause of X.

So, it seems, if there is a Pure Act, it can’t cause anything.
 
Candide
**
Again, if you are having a hard time understanding the term “personal” then please tell me which bit you are struggling with and I’ll endeavour to explain. Otherwise please keep to topic.**

O.K. Bye-bye! :sad_bye:
What a strange set of posts. Fair enough though, bye.
 
Candide:

I know what “connotations” means, and you are using it incorrectly.*
Well the way in using the term is in line with the definitions I’ve found. As below:

Main Entry: con·no·ta·tion*
Pronunciation: \ˌkä-nə-ˈtā-shən
Function: noun
Date: 1532
1 a : the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describes b : something suggested by a word or thing : implication
2 : the signification of something <that abuse of logic which consists in moving counters about as if they were known entities with a fixed connotation — W. R. Inge>
3 : an essential property or group of properties of a thing named by a term in logic — compare denotation
These are not “connotations.” They are understood as determinants*
If you say so. From the above definition they would appear to be connotations. In any case you know well enough what I mean, call them “determinants” if you like it makes no difference to my point. “God” has loads of additional meanings which are not supported by the first way while “Prime Mover” doesn’t have those additional meanings. Therefore*“Prime Mover” is the more appropriate term.
Do you really think that “Prime Mover” does not implicitly mean “God?” Really?
Not to me, no. It’s not practical to account for every meaning someone might take as implied from a given word, but we should at least try to select the most appropriate term. We know “God” carries many inappropriate meanings, so PM seems much more appropriate.
I think so. Provided they actually use their heads for more than a hair and skin farm.
Ok, so we are agreed then that what the first way shows to exist has nothing to do with God (at least to the point where Aquinas left the argument). So I (an atheist) can happily agree with the first way, and remain an atheist. In other words Aquinas’s “proof” is not a proof of God at all.
No. That “first happening” would be, in our cosmology, the Big Bang. But, as we are very sure, it only occurred a finite time ago.
Right, so you seem to be suggesting the Big Bang as the PM. Seems possible, rather counter to what Aquinas argued though.*
*It was (and still is) dependent upon a sustaining “mover” Being
Ok, our views seem to part company at this point. Where do you get the need for a “sustaining mover” from?
*(including, per definitionem, every single one of His known attributes), that We Christians call God; but, you’d prefer to define a “horse” as nothing but “animal.” Don’t you see this?
Nope, no idea what you are trying to get at here. The PM is “whatever happened first” it’s POSSIBLE that the PM is some kind of deity, but there is yet to be any logic showing it MUST BE some kind of deity. That is essentially my question on this thread.*
Yes you could! (Did you expect that?) It would be rather irreverent, as far as we’re concerned, and since that word has its own meaning, but certainly any appellation could have been chosen. By way of proof: take a look at all of the names that humans used for Him in the Old Testament. Then, look at all the terms used for Him nowadays. Everyone (except you, I guess) understands what and who is meant by the name, God. It is irrelevant whether or not a person knows, or understands all of the determinants.*
Right, so you seem to*understand why assigning the appellation “God” or “Fairies” or “Horse” to the PM would be inappropriate. That’s the point really.
You are being argumentative.
Not at all, I’m just holding to using an appropriate term. Otherwise I can insert any word “X” I like into the end of the first way to prove that “X” exists.*
I’ll go over this one more time. Physics tells us “that something happened first.” It then goes further and attempts to tell us what “happened.”*
Indeed, ain’t science amazing.
The First Way does not tell us that “something happened first,” in any way, shape, or form. :banghead: It confirms what we know from experience, precisely because we’re all here! (Although, I’m starting to wonder! :confused: )
No, to date that is ALL that the first way tells us. Essentially it can be reduced to*

1). Something happened first.
2). Hey let’s call that it God.
Now, pay attention to what I’m about to tell you: St. Thomas tells us
(1) there was a Mover;**
Agreed - “something happened”
quote that that Mover is still Moving (everything); and*
I’m afraid that as best I can tell this does not follow. Where do you get this from?*
(3) that that Mover has to be a “first” Mover precisely because there was no other antecedent mover whatsoever.
[/quote]

So again “something happened first”.
Are you of Buddhist background? Knowledge of this would make life a little easier.
Nope afraid not.
 
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