As a professional Artist (a painter) I appreciate all of the “Last Suppers” painted by the various Old Masters. My one criticism of them is that they are historically inaccurate. All of them depict Christ and the Appostles sitting at a table, whereas it was more common for Jews to dine in a semi-reclined position at the time of Christ. And, no where in the New Testament does it say otherwise.
Actually, the Greek word
anakeimai does mean “to recline at table” (
ana ‘up’, ‘among’ +
keimai ‘to lie down’, ‘to recline’). Of course, this gets obscured in most translations today since they translate it as “to sit.”
Early Christian portrayals of a banquet (either a symbol of the Eucharist or a representation of an
agape meal) show the participants eating
triclinium-style, reclining on a semicircular (U-shaped) couch and eating off a low table/tables laden with bread, wine and/or fish.
http://www.osservatoreromano.va/orp...news/vaticano/2011/147q11-angelus/147q01a.jpg
http://img145.imageshack.us/img145/6382/image024az.jpg
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http://www.the-goldenrule.name/Dion...us_AgapeSigmaCouch_--_MORE_files/image012.jpg
This apparently influenced portrayals of the Last Supper (which was one of those events from the life of Jesus that was never explicitly portrayed in art until some time had passed), where we can see Jesus and disciples reclining on semicircular couches and eating
fish off a table. The two picture below are that an early 6th century mosaic from Sant’Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna in Italy, and a manuscript illustration from the
Rossano Gospels written at around the same time period. These two are the oldest surviving depictions we have of the Last Supper.
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/images/ravenna/san-apollinare-nuovo/resized/xti_6926p.jpg
http://lib.haifa.ac.il/collections/art/med/8_5d_last_supper.gif
Byzantine art continued to show everyone reclining around a table, but around the 9th century, the depiction of reclining seems to have been gradually abandoned
in favor of sitting. Even so, in some icons Jesus is still shown
as reclining on a couch - even if everyone else around him sits. I think a change in dining habits may have contributed to this shift.