I would like to simply add a ‘what if’ to this discussion. I don’t mean this as a point of argument or apologetics in any sense, but rather as ‘food for thought.’
What if we did not grow up in a situation where we heard the word “Trinity” often? What if we didn’t know there was disagreement about what the “incarnation” means? What if we had not seen Popes, local bishops, priests, confessionals, etc all of our lives?
Minny, I have often ask that question myself; what if someone is raised in a family and has never heard of the CC or Christianity, or they simply were raised to be a good Jew or Muslim etc. - and chose not to investigate Christianity, because they truly believe, with all their heart, soul and mind, that they are where they need to be?
No doubt they will make it to heaven if they lived lives of charity, mercy and love, but only through Jesus Christ, Who is the door and the way and the truth and the life. They will have to pass through that door first, to finally peer into the eternal beatific vision.
I use to ask myself: If Jesus came to save the whole world, why did he manifest himself only to the region around present day Israel? How can a revelation, given historically in a specific place and time, be the standard by which the world BEFORE the event and the world ignorant of those events AFTER their occurrence, be in ANY way fair?
Well, He is God and He chose to do it this way. Who am I to question God.
How can God punish those who never heard of Jesus?
Well the logical answer is, He won’t! Jesus is Mercy; Jesus is love. People who have never heard of Jesus will simply be judged by the way in which they lived their lives IMHO. If they lived their life, Christ like, as best they could, then they go to heaven, as far as I’m concerned. The Bible implies that humans will be judged according to the amount of information they have about God, not according to the revelation they did not receive. Jesus said that those “to whom much is given, much is required” (Luke 12:48). Those who were given more revelation will be held more accountable.
We as the Mystical Body of Christ are the ones to whom much is given,and much is definitely required. If the bible is the word of God, and I believe it is, then there is no doubt that no one gets to heaven without going through Jesus Christ for He stated:
*(John 14:6 ) - Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”
*
How did the Old Testament people get to heaven? It could not have been that they knew Jesus, because He had not yet come to earth as a human being for them to know. So how were they saved? Through the atoning work of Christ, retroactively speaking; God lives outside of time.
(Romans 10:14-15) - How then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them?"
Many (south east Asia for example) - have not heard of the Trinity, the incarnation, Popes, bishops, priests, pastors confessionals, etc, so how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard?
Sidelight:
BTW, I have friend who is a Lutheran pastor and he and some others have travel to the Philippians, bringing the word of God to them, and he does not teach that the bread and wine are real food and drink; certainly those new converts should not be judged for not following this explicit commandment of Jesus:
*…unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. *
Well, a perfect example is the thief on the cross next to Jesus:
(Luke 23:43) - Jesus answered him, “I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in paradise.”
This is what Jesus said to the thief on the cross, yet he was oblivious to any Christian doctrine. He was never baptized and he never received Jesus’ flesh and blood. I believe that the ones who truly believe and do nothing about it or just live a lackluster Christian life, never picking up their cross and living lives of charity and performing good works, every day, are the ones in the most trouble.
*“Trust is the container that we bring to the well-springs of God’s mercy. The more trust we have, the more grace and mercy we can obtain.” *These words of Jesus to St. Faustina are a source of undying consolation to this contemporary world, beset by troubles and fears, and if we who know Jesus, really try to bring that cup, brimming with God’s grace and mercy, to all those who are oblivious to God’s eternal grace and mercy, then we can say as Paul said: we have fought the good fight, finished the race, and kept the faith; God will do the rest.