L
Lance
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1860 Druze-Christian war kills 12,000 Christians. French troops protect Maronites.
1914-18 Ottoman rule in Syria collapses during WW I. Mass starvation in Lebanon.
1920 France given mandate for Syria and Lebanon, creates State of Greater Lebanon. British hold mandate in Palestine.
1936 Pierre Gemayel forms Phalange Party after visit to Nazi Germany.
1939-45 British invade Lebanon in 1941 and capture Beirut from Vichy. France promises full independence.
1946 French troops leave Lebanon.
1948 Israel created. Palestinian exodus into Lebanon and Jordan.
1958 Civil war in Lebanon as Muslims rally to pan-Arab call of Egyptian Pres. Nasser. US Marines land in Beirut in accordance with Ike’s doctrine of resistance to international communism at request of Lebanese Pres. Camille Chamoun.
1964 PLO founded.
1970 PLO driven out of Jordan, sets up headquarters in Beirut and increases raids into Israel from Southern Lebanon.
1975 Christian Maronite-Muslim civil war breaks out.
1976 Civil war intensifies. Christians massacre Palestinians of Karantina and Tel el-Za’atar, Palestinians massacre Christians in Damour. Syrian troops enter and occupy all but far southern Lebanon at the request of Lebanese Pres. Franjieh.
1978 Israel invades southern Lebanon to halt PLO raids. United Nations force sent to southern Lebanon. Israel forms proxy Lebanese militia in occupied southern zone. Syria shells Christians in east Beirut.
1980-81 Increase in hostilities between Israel, Israeli backed militias and PLO.
1982 Syrian troops besiege Syrian border city of Hama after uprising and slaughter 10,000 people. Israel invades Lebanon after attempted murder of Israeli ambassador in London. Israel forces attack Syrian forces in Bekaa Valley, surround west Beirut and demand evacuation of PLO and Syrians from Beirut. US-French-Italian troops oversee evacuation of 11,000 PLO men. Palestinian women and children remain. Lebanese Pres. Elect Bashir Gemayel is murdered after foreign troops depart Israel invades west Beirut and send Christian Phalangist militias into Palestinian camps of Sabra and Chatila where 100’s of civilians are massacred. Israel withdraws from west Beirut and US-French-Italian forces return.
1983 US Embassy destroyed by Islamic Jihad, more fighting between Muslims and Christians. Islamic Jihad suicide bomber destroys US military headquarters kill over 300 servicemen.
1984 Multinational force leaves Beirut after collapse of Lebanese government. Abductions in Beirut of Westerners. Muslims fight Israelis in south.
1985 Israel withdraws from Sidon and start iron fist policy against guerrillas.
1986-87 Fighting continues.
1988 Lebanese parliament fails to elect a new president. Rival prime ministers take office in east and west Beirut.
1989 General Aoun, Christian P.M., declares war on Syrian army in Lebanon. East Beirut besieged by Syrians, Aoun abandons his war.
1990 Aoun is driven from Presidential Palace and civil war officially ends.
1993 Israel bombs southern Lebanon even as Beirut is being rebuilt.
1996 Over 200 Lebanese die in Israel’s ‘Grapes of Wrath’ attack.
2000 Israel withdraws to its own border. Hezbolla proclaims victory. Oslo agreement collapses in violence.
1914-18 Ottoman rule in Syria collapses during WW I. Mass starvation in Lebanon.
1920 France given mandate for Syria and Lebanon, creates State of Greater Lebanon. British hold mandate in Palestine.
1936 Pierre Gemayel forms Phalange Party after visit to Nazi Germany.
1939-45 British invade Lebanon in 1941 and capture Beirut from Vichy. France promises full independence.
1946 French troops leave Lebanon.
1948 Israel created. Palestinian exodus into Lebanon and Jordan.
1958 Civil war in Lebanon as Muslims rally to pan-Arab call of Egyptian Pres. Nasser. US Marines land in Beirut in accordance with Ike’s doctrine of resistance to international communism at request of Lebanese Pres. Camille Chamoun.
1964 PLO founded.
1970 PLO driven out of Jordan, sets up headquarters in Beirut and increases raids into Israel from Southern Lebanon.
1975 Christian Maronite-Muslim civil war breaks out.
1976 Civil war intensifies. Christians massacre Palestinians of Karantina and Tel el-Za’atar, Palestinians massacre Christians in Damour. Syrian troops enter and occupy all but far southern Lebanon at the request of Lebanese Pres. Franjieh.
1978 Israel invades southern Lebanon to halt PLO raids. United Nations force sent to southern Lebanon. Israel forms proxy Lebanese militia in occupied southern zone. Syria shells Christians in east Beirut.
1980-81 Increase in hostilities between Israel, Israeli backed militias and PLO.
1982 Syrian troops besiege Syrian border city of Hama after uprising and slaughter 10,000 people. Israel invades Lebanon after attempted murder of Israeli ambassador in London. Israel forces attack Syrian forces in Bekaa Valley, surround west Beirut and demand evacuation of PLO and Syrians from Beirut. US-French-Italian troops oversee evacuation of 11,000 PLO men. Palestinian women and children remain. Lebanese Pres. Elect Bashir Gemayel is murdered after foreign troops depart Israel invades west Beirut and send Christian Phalangist militias into Palestinian camps of Sabra and Chatila where 100’s of civilians are massacred. Israel withdraws from west Beirut and US-French-Italian forces return.
1983 US Embassy destroyed by Islamic Jihad, more fighting between Muslims and Christians. Islamic Jihad suicide bomber destroys US military headquarters kill over 300 servicemen.
1984 Multinational force leaves Beirut after collapse of Lebanese government. Abductions in Beirut of Westerners. Muslims fight Israelis in south.
1985 Israel withdraws from Sidon and start iron fist policy against guerrillas.
1986-87 Fighting continues.
1988 Lebanese parliament fails to elect a new president. Rival prime ministers take office in east and west Beirut.
1989 General Aoun, Christian P.M., declares war on Syrian army in Lebanon. East Beirut besieged by Syrians, Aoun abandons his war.
1990 Aoun is driven from Presidential Palace and civil war officially ends.
1993 Israel bombs southern Lebanon even as Beirut is being rebuilt.
1996 Over 200 Lebanese die in Israel’s ‘Grapes of Wrath’ attack.
2000 Israel withdraws to its own border. Hezbolla proclaims victory. Oslo agreement collapses in violence.