The argument of some por-choice Catholics is that Augustine did not condemn abortion and therefore, the topic is still open for discussion. There are several problems here.
Truth does not change. The commandment is very clear. “Thou shalt not kill.”
The role of theology is to explain truth, not to create it. I’ll get back to this in a minute.
Augustine believed in the infallibility of the Commandments.
Augustine did not understand that the soul and body come into existence at the moment of conception. He thought that the fetus was not a human being until it took human form, until it had arms, legs, etc. We have to remember that the only insight that they had into human development before birth was what they saw when a woman had a miscarriage. Often, what you see in the case of a miscarriage is the placenta that has been discharged, because the fetus is too small or is reabsorbed by the mother’s body.
Augustine, like many intellectuals of his time, thought that you must have human form before you were consdiered human and before a soul was implanted into the body.
Augustine had no idea that the fertilized egg has all the properties of any other human being. They are active to different degrees, depending on the stage of pregnancy, just as the same faculties are still developing after birth. That’s why we speak of an age of reason and we arbitrarilly place it at age seven. But psychology tells us that abstract thinking comes later than age seven. This was not understood before.
As time passes and more information about human life becomes available, it has become clear that the fertilized egg is human. Therefore, Augustine would say that the Commandment, “Thou shalt not kill” applies to the fertilized egg.
What Augustine said was based on the knowledge and information that was available at the time. No let’s go back to the role of theology. It is the role of theology to apply the faith to reason and knowledge. Now that we know that the fertilized egg is human, not a chicken, we must apply what we know by faith, “Thou shalt not kill.” This Commandment was directed at human beings about human life, not animals.
Were Augustine alive today, with all of the information that we have about conception and human development, he would say that the Commandment applies from the moment of conception, since you cannot deny the Ten Commandments.
Some people want to conveniently go back to Augustine, but put aside what he knew and did not know. They just want to take what he said at face value without taking into account where he was coming from and forgetting that Augustine preached two things: 1) obedience to the Commandments and 2) obedience to the Church.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF