The answer is - sort of.
When a properly ordained Priest grants absolution in the proper form, its valid. It may, still, however, be illicit.
Simply put, you can receive absolution without confession licitly when you 1) intend to confess, 2) are sorry for your sins, and 3) are in an emergency situation where an impending threat of death does not provide opportunity for confession
Simply put, if the plane is crashing or the ship is sinking or you’re dying from a car crash on the sidewalk, and terms #1 and #2 are present, then a Priest is perfectly allowed to grant you absolution before you confess.
Some Priests also offer absolution to people OUTSIDE of emergency situations, without prior confessions, even though this is technically a liturgical abuse.