the Catholic faith to assert that an understanding of the creation epic as poetic/allegorical must be dropped in favor of the literalistic one.
Whatever it is you precisely mean by poetic/allegorical, much of what is set down literally in the creation account of Genesis the catholic faith holds to be literally true and well as the faith of the Israelite people before the coming of Christ. For example, there is nothing poetic/allegorical in ““In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1), the Church holds this to be literally true. Or again “And God made the two great lights, the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night, he made the stars also” (Gen. 1: 16), this also is literally true for we literally believe that God made the sun, moon, and the stars. The same holds for the verses of all the six days of creation for the creation of the heavens and the earth, the sky, sun, mooon, and stars, the elements, plants, animals, and finally mankind all of which is literally set down in Genesis as God’s creation and work, we hold as literally the truth. In fact, in the whole first chapter of Genesis, I see nothing that is repugnant to the knowledge we have gained from modern science which we can reasonably hold with a more or less degree of certainty than that the whole work of creation took but six days if we understand by day here a 24 hour day. The inspired author’s description of God’s work of creation in six days and on the seventh day He rested also has a profound meaning as the Catechism of the Catholic Church expounds.
The account of creation in Genesis is a very old text written thousands of years ago and so it has the marks of the ‘scientific knowledge’ of the times, not indeed of quantum mechanics, but of what can be known by simple and common sensible observation of the world and reason with the additional fact that the author of Genesis is inspired by the Holy Spirit with His gifts of wisdom, understanding, and knowledge and he is a master theologian. We can also take into account that the immediate audience of the creation account is to a simple, uneducated and uncultured people to which it is more appropriate I think to convey divine truths such as the creation of the universe by God in a direct and literal way and not couched behind possible symbolic terms of poetry or allegory (which by the way, according to the Church’s understanding of the allegorical sense of Scripture, allegory is probably not the correct term to use here although there may be some elements of allegory here that received a fuller meaning upon the revelation of Jesus Christ such as Genesis 3:15, the proto-evangelium) which the people would probably not understand such as the parables of Jesus which the apostles themselves didn’t always understand their meaning and Jesus had to explain it to them. In a word, the creation account as set down for us in Genesis must be fundamentally understood literally for the foundation of the faith of the Israelite people and the Catholic Church is based fundamentally on a literal reading of the inspired text, namely, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” and all of what follows and that exists pertaining to God’s work of the creation of the universe and everything in it.
This is not to say that there may not be some elements of symbolic language in the first 3 chapters of Genesis for the Catechism of the Catholic Church uses the term ‘symbolic language’ for some of the truths we believe as coming from the text, not the whole text but certain texts to which the catechism refers too. For example, the CCC#362 says “The human person, created in the image of God, is a being at once corporeal and spiritual. The biblical account expresses this reality in symbolic language when it affirms that “then the LORD God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.” The symbolic language here refers to principally I think to the text “and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life” which the Church interprets as the creation and infusion of the immortal spiritual soul by God. That God formed man of dust [or clay] from the ground I think is beyond doubt. For the body of man is made out of matter and at least partly of the earthly element. The science of ancient times did not have all the elements as found on the periodic table that we have today. In those times, elemental bodies were considered simply as earth or water or air. And when humans die, their bodies decompose into earth or soil. Accordingly, in ancient times, the bodies of humans as well as the land animals were quite naturally and simply considered as being made of earth although not exclusively for the ancients would have known that it is made of water too for without water we are not going to survive which is why we drink it. The question of whether God formed the body of Adam directly and immediately from the clay of the earth or from some possible pre-existent and living matter I’m not addressing presently.
Again, CCC#375 says: The Church, interpreting the symbolism of biblical language in an authentic way, in the light of the New Testament and Tradition, teaches that our first parents, Adam and Eve, were constituted in an original “state of holiness and justice”.This grace of original holiness was “to share in. . .divine life”
And again CCC#378: The sign of man’s familiarity with God is that God places him in the garden.There he lives “to till it and keep it”. Work is not yet a burden, but rather the collaboration of man and woman with God in perfecting the visible creation.