I don’t think Classical Liberal values are against ,or incompatible with, Catholicism per se, only when they decide to remove God and/or the natural law from any kind of importance or recognition.
We’re now in a new kind of era where increasingly liberalism’s focus on personal freedom has been developed to frame personal freedom and choice as the highest moral good, this is beyond ordinary liberalism, it is a kind of selfism, Now that I would say is incompatible with, and ultimately must be against, Catholicism.
This is the system which cannot admit any reasons not to allow virtually unrestricted abortion or euthanasia, and so on. It’s not an ‘American’ value uniquely, but is ascendent and increasingly ubiquitous in all the west.