If I have time later I may dig up some ECF quotes about Jesus being a second God, but no promises…
Okay, challenge accepted, but don’t go for John 1:1, we already have a good understanding of it.
Until the fifth century it was common to refer to Jesus as either a “second god,” the chief angel, or both. (Daniélou, The Theology of Jewish Christianity, 146)
During the second century Justin Martyr wrote that the “first-begotten,” the Logos, is the “first force after the Father:” he is “a second God, second numerically but not in will,” doing only the Father’s pleasure. (Hatch, The Influence of Greek Ideas and Usages upon the Christian Church, 268)
Justin also maintained that the Son is “in the second place, and the prophetic Spirit in the third . . . . (Justin Martyr, First Apology 13, ANF 1:167)
Clement of Alexandria referred to Jesus as the “Second Cause” (Clement of Alexandria, Stromata 7:3, in ANF 2:527)
Peter in the *Clementine Recognitions *not only called Jesus both “God” and “angel,” but also identified Him with Yahweh, the prince of the Sons of God mentioned in Deuteronomy 32:7-8:
For the Most High God, who alone holds the power of all things, has divided all the nations of the earth into seventy-two parts, and over these He hath appointed angels as princes. But to the one among the archangels who is greatest, was committed the government of those who, before all others, received the worship and knowledge of the Most High God . . . . Thus the princes of the several nations are called gods. But Christ is God of princes, who is Judge of all. (Peter, in Clementine Recognitions 2:42, in ANF 8:109)
Around the turn of the third century, Hippolytus called Jesus “the Angel of [God’s] counsel” (Hippolytus, The Apostolic Tradition 4:4, p. 7)
Origen said " “We are not afraid to speak, in one sense of two Gods, in another sense of one God.” (Origen, Dial Heracl. 2:3, quoted in Segal, Two Powers in Heaven, 231.)
Origen also explained in what sense the Father and the Son are One. “And these, while they are two, considered as persons or subsistences, are one in unity of thought, in harmony and in identity of will." (Origen, Against Celsus 8:12, in ANF 4:643-644)
Lactantius approvingly quoted a Hermetic text which spoke of a “second God”. (Lactantius, Divine Institutes 4:6, in ANF 7:105)
In the fourth century, Methodius of Olympus could say that Christ was filled with the “pure and perfect Godhead,” but also designated Him as first among the Archangels:
And this was Christ, a man filled with the pure and perfect Godhead, and God received into man. For it was most suitable that the oldest of the Aeons and the first of the Archangels, when about to hold communion with men, should dwell in the oldest and the first of men, even Adam. (Methodius, The Banquet of the Ten Virgins 3:4, in ANF 6:318)
Eusebius compared the hierarchy of being to the sun, moon, and stars spoken of in 1 Corinthians 15:40-42:
For there is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars,” says the divine Apostle; “for one star differeth from another star in glory.” In this way, therefore, we must think of the order in incorporeal and intelligent Beings also, the unutterable and infinite power of the God of the universe embracing all of them together; and the second place, next to the Father, being held by the power of the Divine Word . . . . And next after this second Being there is set, as in place of a moon, a third Being, the Holy Spirit, whom also they enroll in the first and royal dignity and honour of the primal cause of the universe . . . . But this Spirit, holding a third rank, supplies those beneath out of the superior powers in Himself, notwithstanding that He also receives from another, that is from the higher and stronger, who, as we said, is second to the most high and unbegotten nature of God the King of all . . . (Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel 7:15, pp. 351-352)