Shlomo lkhulkhun,
Up until the Reformation and the fractions that came from it, there were not even pews in churches. It’s only a Protestant innovation. People stood the whole time and knelt on the ground, did prostrations, etc. If you were to visit certain Eastern Catholic Churches in their native regions, you would most likely see churches without pews.
I cannot imagine seeing kneelers in Protestant ecclessial buildings, but I suppose certain liturgical groups such as Anglicans might have them. Kneelers seem like a Catholic adaptation for the Protestant spread of pews.
Alloho minokhoun,
Andrew
You overstate your case. In the Western church, pews for the laity are perhaps a particular development that took off after the Reformation in both Protestant and Catholic churches, but sitting in church was a development that was growing more widespread by the pre-Reformation 14th and 15th centuries.
churchantiques.com/pews.html
"The pews: Some minimal seating existed from the early church - the first liturgies were conducted in house churches and seating for those who might need to sit, the elderly or infirm, for example, was in place.
The bishop got a seat as time went on, but the rest of people, including the ministers, generally stood. After Constantine allowed Christianity as the official religion of the empire, seating was provided for those of high status - particularly political status. Monastic life contributed to the encroachment of the pews since monks and some other clerics sat in “choir,” - a choir pew area between the people in the assembly and the altar. They would against opposite walls, facing each other, a style still seen in monastic settings.
From here, pew seating basically simply evolved - after the Carolingian period a kind of haphazard or even “bring-your-own” seating emerged for laity, a chair here, a bench there, a mat on the floor. This increased during the 14th and 15th centuries and by the 16th century pews were common. This development, as mentioned above, further separated the people from the priest and the liturgy - dividing the church up and keeping the laity at bay. The Reformation contributed greatly to the pew design - the Reformers placed the emphasis on hearing, not seeing, and they rejected the lush visual elements of worship. So to emphasize hearing the Word of God, the people sat. They also began to read in worship - the printing press and growing literacy encouraged that.
Roman Catholic Churches also embraced seating at this time, but the invasion of the pews was a particularly northern European and New World affair. The wealthy began to buy their own pews as well."