Well, without the aid of evidence and reason, most people would falsely conclude that the sun goes around the earth as an “obvious truth.” Perhaps you’re one of the wise few who wouldn’t make that mistake, but that doesn’t change the point I’m making.
I understand, but I think you’re making a bit of an assumption and using your own surmise to prove your own point, which is bad science to be honest.
bede.org.uk/flatearth.htm
I don’t “deny the inutitive and the interior” – I accept that people have a sense of “intuition” and interior experiences. But what I don’t accept is the claim that this “intuition” and interior experience can adequately support claims about the external world.
Surely all scientific endeavour develops from what we experience by means of the senses? Newton observed the apple and hypothesised gravity, Archimedes got in the bath and yelled ‘Eureka!’
These people had an intuition about something they could not have had any prior knowledge of based on their observations. At some point this intuition was confirmed in a way which was demonstrable.
The same is true of God. The most common and oldest known arguments for the existence of God are called ‘cosmological arguments’. Such arguments
begin from human experience of what is in the world (cosmos) and reason to the necessary existence of a being, naturally called ‘God’, which enables the cosmos we experience to exist.
The first known cosmological proofs are those of the pre-Christian Greek pagan philosophers beginning with Anaximander (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC), who argued that there must be some first principle (
apeiron) of all things. Anaximander also began a tradition of philosophical reflection on the nature of this first principle by arguing, for example, that it must be eternal and ageless and not some material thing like water. Later in same tradition, Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) and Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) offered arguments for the existence of a first ‘unmoved mover’ of everything that moves.
The key steps of Aristotle’s argument are shown below. Note that what Aristotle means by ‘movement’ also means ‘change’, which may be change that is from place to place, or qualitative (such as hot to cold) or quantitative (such as growth):
1 Everything that is moving was initially moved by another mover.
2 This mover is either itself moving, or not.
3 If this mover is moving it is either moved by another or is self-moving.
4 Each series of movers has members that are each moved by its antecedent. This series necessitates an initiating self-mover at the beginning of such a series. Otherwise there could be no movement at all.
5 Each member of this series then either moves because it is a self-mover, or only by virtue of its antecedent, i.e. it is the first mover that in fact causes the series’ movement.
6 This first mover must be completely immobile (because it has no antecedent causing it to move) and eternal because movement itself is observed to be continuous and eternal.
In summary, the series of beings that are both move and are themselves moved has to start with a being that moves without being moved.
A more detailed version of the argument to an unmoved mover is given by Aquinas as the first of his five ways of showing the existence of God. All of these five ways are found in ST I, q.2, a.3:
The first and more manifest way is the argument from motion. It is certain, and evident to our senses, that in the world some things are in motion. Now whatever is in motion is put in motion by another, for nothing can be in motion except it is in potentiality to that towards which it is in motion; whereas a thing moves inasmuch as it is in act. For motion is nothing else than the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality. But nothing can be reduced from potentiality to actuality, except by something in a state of actuality. Thus that which is actually hot, as fire, makes wood, which is potentially hot, to be actually hot, and thereby moves and changes it. Now it is not possible that the same thing should be at once in actuality and potentiality in the same respect, but only in different respects. For what is actually hot cannot simultaneously be potentially hot; but it is simultaneously potentially cold. It is therefore impossible that in the same respect and in the same way a thing should be both mover and moved, i.e. that it should move itself. Therefore, whatever is in motion must be put in motion by another. If that by which it is put in motion be itself put in motion, then this also must needs be put in motion by another, and that by another again. But this cannot go on to infinity, because then there would be no first mover, and, consequently, no other mover; seeing that subsequent movers move only inasmuch as they are put in motion by the first mover; as the staff moves only because it is put in motion by the hand. Therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God.