In the height of the TB epidemic, which was virtually worldwide, medicine finally understood the germ theory of disease, and the way TB was spreadāit ran rampant in overcrowded conditions (such as 19th c convents and schools), could be spread by close contact and through droplet infection, and through contaminated food, especially milk. thanks to Lister, Pasteur and others the means of fighting and preventing the disease became clear, and doing so became a public health issue. TB was the leading cause of death of the young and young adultsālook at all the lives of the saints like Therese, and the 19th century novelsāthe Brontes all died of TB
One proven means was isolating patients so this was done routinely, and TB sanitoriums were built for this purpose. If you look at very old hospitals in your community, some of them may have started as TB wards. The individual was taken away from the family, because they were a direct danger to the health of everyone there, and quarantined perhaps for months or years until either they recovered or died. Getting out of crowded dirty cities and into clean air of the country especially the prairies of N. America was considered the sovereign cure until antibiotics were developed.
As antibiotics and better sanitation, TB testing including routine chest x-rays for school children (still done in my childhood) eliminated TB from a major threat, the sanitariums closed. New highly-antibiotic strains of TB are now showing up again and we are poised on what could be another epidemic, which could spread quickly for various reasons. Isolation is the only preventative for a person who is not responding to treatment but guess what, there are no more sanitariums, so alternatives must be found. Jail? odd choice since jails were one of the worst incubators of TB in the old days. But if this happens, yes the public health system will have to address it.