Could someone please explain why the doctrines of Immaculate Conception, Perpetual Virginity, and Assumption of Mary are expected to be believed by Catholics?
I don’t see an issue if someone chooses to believe it as a pious opinion, but if they are expected to be believed, then I would prefer a clear scriptural case for them.
The full text of the Pope Pius XII’s declaration defining the dogma of the Assumption is here:
w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-xii_apc_19501101_munificentissimus-deus.html
I have excerpted the following parts,
"44. For which reason, … by the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by our own authority, we pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.
- It is forbidden to any man to change this, our declaration, pronouncement, and
definition or, by rash attempt, to oppose and counter it. If any man should presume to make such an attempt, let him know that he will incur the wrath of Almighty God and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul."
As you can see, Catholics are required to believe this dogma under penalty of incurring the “wrath of Almighty God and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul”.
I know Popes profess to speak for Almighty God, but I find the reference to the Apostles
Peter and Paul puzzling in the context of this specific Declaration. I happened upon the
following link by Kenneth Humphreys, who professes to be an atheist (and he is also anti-
Christian) but who also professes to be very knowledgeable about the Bible:
jesusneverexisted.com/mary.htm.
Mr. Humphreys does not believe that Jesus or Mary even existed, but he appears to be knowledgeable about the Bible passages regarding Mary, and I hereby quote the following excerpt from his link,
"… Paul does not mention Mary (or Joseph) at all, and in the gospels, the shadowy figure of Mary, destined to become the most pre-eminent of all the saints and Queen of Heaven, at best, is a two-dimensional nonentity.
In the gospel pageant, ‘Mary’ appears in several scenes. … She appears first in the so-called ‘Annunciation’ (at the well …?) when an angel maps out her career. With little ado, she accepts the ‘blessed’ role revealed to her (Luke 1.38) and rushes off to spend three months in the mountains with the pregnant Elizabeth (she who will mother John the Baptist). In this, her biggest scene, Mary delivers her only set-piece speech … – the … ‘Magnificat’:
…
God only knows who was also in the room (or was it a cave? ) to record all this! Perhaps
she wrote her memoirs. (In truth, the piece is an obvious adaptation of the song of Hannah
in 1 Samuel 2). But after this soliloquy Mary has not a word to say for herself. She
witnesses visits of shepherds and wise men and ‘ponders’ (Luke 2.16); she is taken to Egypt (Matthew 2.13.18) and brought back to Galilee; she puzzles at her twelve-year old’s claim to messiahship (Luke 2.48,52); she witnesses the turning of water to wine (John 2.1,12); she is rejected by her super-star off-spring (Luke 8. 19,21); she witnesses his crucifixion (John 19.25,27); and she waits for the holy spirit (Acts 1.14). Her ultimate fate is not revealed and she is credited with no role at all in the creation of the Christian Church."
After reading Mr. Humphreys’ link, I looked at my Catholic New American Bible, and I was
not able to find any reference to Mary in any of the Apostle Paul’s Letters to the various
churches. I looked at the Books of Peter, although I understand that Peter, the first
Pope, did not write either of these Books of the Bible (This is stated in the introduction
to each of these Books). I then looked for quotes by Peter in the Acts of the Apostles,
and I did not find any quotes about Mary, but I did find a quote to the effect that Jesus
is the only mediator and there is no other name in the human race by which we are saved.
If anyone knows of any quotes by Paul or Peter about Mary, please let me know. In Paul’s Letters he often warns against false doctrines, and he purports to instruct on the true Christian faith. If Paul and Peter’s theology did not include Mary, why are their names invoked to support a Marian doctrine which must be believed under penalty of their wrath and the wrath of Almighty God?
From an historical standpoint, I understand that Mary was alive at the time Paul wrote his
Letters and at the time Peter made the statements which he is quoted as making in the
Bible. I understand there may be an effort in the Catholic Church to have Mary declared
as Co-Redemptrix and Mediatrix of all Graces, so I have the following question about
this: If Mary is the Mediatrix of all Graces, who was mediating graces after the death of
Jesus Christ and before Mary’s Assumption into heaven? Was Mary mediating graces from planet Earth, and if so, why did Peter and Paul not mention this? And if Mary is so central to Christian theology, why was she not even mentioned by Paul and Peter?
I find Catholic Church teachings to be almost as much of a Marian theology as a Christian
theology. I wonder why this is the case if the first Pope and the Apostle Paul did not
even mention her in their writings or statements. I know there are those who will say that Christian theology “developed”, but I find it hard to see that as a “development” rather than an “addition” when the earliest teachings on basic Christian theology did not include a theology of Mary.