You might find something like the
Catholic Verse Finder to be what you are looking for. It has over 500 verses that more or less hit most of the major sticking points with Protestants.
That said, I would just issue the usual caution. We don’t want to turn the Bible into a weapon whereby we engage in mutual verse slinging in an attempt to best our “opponent”. It is very beneficial to know these verses and be able to explain the Catholic teaching from Scripture. But most ex-Catholics do not leave the faith over these issues. These issues are more or less the rhetorical rationale that gets built up after they have already left. There are usually underlying core issues that need to be addressed first. So keep a look out for those things and always pray for the Holy Spirit to guide you in these conversations.